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metabolism refers to all of the _____ that occur in the body.
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One reason that protein synthesis is important is that
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ch 4
cellular metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolism refers to all of the _____ that occur in the body. | chemical reactions |
| One reason that protein synthesis is important is that | enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism. |
| Anabolic metabolism refers to | A biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds. |
| Which of the following is an example of catabolism? | .The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. |
| Catabolism refers to | breakdown of large molecules. |
| An example of an anabolic reaction is | many monosaccharides bonding, forming glycogen. |
| In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate, | .monosaccharides join. |
| When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule | water molecule is used. |
| Dehydration synthesis reactions _____, whereas hydrolysis reactions _____. | lose H2O to form bonds; use H2O to break bonds |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? | They are most active at temperatures about 53 degrees C. |
| An enzyme is | a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. |
| The name of an enzyme ends in | ase |
| The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are: | substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released andrecycled. |
| Which of the following best describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate? | .Part of the enzyme temporarily binds part of the substrate molecule. |
| An active site of an enzyme is | the part of an enzyme that combines with a product |
| An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is | number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme. |
| Three factors that increase the rates of enzyme-controlled reactions are the | number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme. |
| A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____. | a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc |
| Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients | act as cofactors. |
| A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is | ATP |
| ATP is important to cellular processes because it | provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken. |
| Energy is defined as | the capacity of matter to change. |
| What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells? | They hold energy from the oxidation of fuels in their high-energy phosphate bonds, and the energy is used invarious cell processes. |
| Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration | uses enzymes to lower the activation energy. |
| The reactions of anaerobic respiration take place in the | cytoplasm |
| Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration? | ATP |
| A molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically is | acetyl coenzyme A. |
| A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in | glycolysis. |
| In the citric acid cycle | carbon dioxide is released. |
| In cellular respiration, | energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules. |
| Anaerobic respiration occurs in _____, whereas aerobic respiration occurs in ______. | cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O2 required |
| Anaerobic respiration | breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. .occurs in the absence of oxygen. .releases energy transfers energy to ATP molecules |
| A molecule that is a storage form of carbohydrate is | glycogen |
| Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size? | nitrogenous base - nucleotide - gene - chromosome - genome |
| If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is | AGTCCGATAAGGGC. |
| DNA replication occurs | during interphase of the cell cycle. |
| During DNA replication, | the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs, and new nucleotides are broughtin, forming two double helices |
| How many codons specify the twenty types of amino acids? | 61 |
| The genetic code is | the correspondence between a DNA nucleotide and a specific amino acid. |
| Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA but not RNA? | Thymine |
| A sequence of DNA 333 nucleotides long that is part of a gene encodes ___ amino acids. | 111 |
| DNA transcribed to mRNA always begins with the sequence | AUG |
| Copying DNA information into an mRNA molecule is called | transcription. |
| Transcription and translation differ in that | transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein. |
| A peptide bond forms between | adjacent amino acids held on a ribosome and bound to tRNAs. |
| Which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr? | A.TAGCTGTCAACAGTGATA B.TAACTGTCGACGGTGATG C.TAACTAAGTACGGTGATG D.GTAGTGGCATGAATCAAT all above |
| A chaperone protein | helps a protein to fold. |
| Codons are part of | mRNA |
| Synthesis of a protein stops when | .any of three "stop" codons are encountered in the mRNA. |
| A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes an mRNA of sequence | UUGCCACGUGGUGCC |
| A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes a portion of a protein of sequence | leu-pro-arg-gly-ala |
| A mutation is | a change in a DNA sequence in less than 1% of a population that affects anatomy and/or physiology. |
| A mutation can cause disease if | the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning. |
| In the DNA damage response | repair enzymes replace mismatched nucleotides in DNA. |
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lula78