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Describes the mechanisms by which water moves throughout the eart
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water soaking into the soil. occurs in the zone of aeration. seeps down to the water table and enters the aquifer
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environmental
water pollution test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describes the mechanisms by which water moves throughout the eart | hydrologic cycle |
| water soaking into the soil. occurs in the zone of aeration. seeps down to the water table and enters the aquifer | infiltration |
| regions where infiltration occurs. typically made up of sand soil and small rocks | zone of aeration |
| region where groundwater is located | zone of saturation |
| top region of zone of saturation. area immediately above groundwater | water table |
| underground regions of soil or porous rock that are saturated with water. | aquifer |
| regions where the water can infiltrate the soil and reach the aquifer | recharge zone |
| measures water permanently removed from water source | water consumption |
| lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs in a region | water stress |
| occurs when there is excessive water withdrawal causing a lowering of the water table. an area where the water table is much lower than surrounding areas. | cone of depression |
| a compression and sinking of the zone of saturation. caused by excessive ground water consumption | subsidence |
| removal of salt from saltwater. expensive due to cost of operating the desalination plants | desalination |
| water pollution from a single discharge location. Example, raw sewage from pipe | point source |
| pollution that is not from a single discharge location. example fertilizer runoff | non point source |
| matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid | sediment |
| degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. water used as coolant by plants | thermal pollution |
| waters that are too polluted or degraded to meet water quality standards | impaired waters |
| water purification technology that uses a semi permeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water | reverse osmosis |
| the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling | distillation |
| process for disinfection water against bacteria and viruses using ozone | ozonation |
| industrial mining process to extract various metals from ore via a series of chemical reactions | heap leaching |
| a rod shaped bacteria presence in water indicates fecal contamination | coliform bacteria |
| water from a confined aquifer. pressure on the confined aquifer pushes water up the well without need for a pump. | artesian well |
| caused by an excess of nutrient pollution. it is an overgrowth of algea | eutrophication |
| why is clean water so important? What is an example of a disease that is transmitted by water? | water is necessary for all life. cholera. |
| most of the water in the world is ______. Most of the freshwater is found in _________ and ___________. | saltwater, glaciers and ice caps |
| you are digging in a well. How do you know when you have dug past the zone of aeration into the zone of into the zone of saturation in the soil? | There is available water - ground water |
| directly taps into an aquifer (usually confined aquifer) | artesian well |
| from an underground source | natural spring water |
| runs water through a semi permeable membrane | reverse osmosis municipal water |
| how are wetlands beneficial in managing water? list two ways | stabilize soil. slow runoff |
| of all the places water can be found, which one has the fastest turnover rate? | atmosphere |
| why are alternative water source such as desalination not utilized anymore? | too expensive and too much energy |
| what are PCBs and why are they so dangerous in water? | they are chemicals used in electronics. Can cause cancer |
| what effect does thermal pollution have on oxygen level of water? | decreases oxygen levels as temperatures increases |
| what are the two biggest ocean pollutants? | oil and plastics |
| where does most of the oil in the ocean come from? | non point sources |
| what new rule for oil supertankers was passed in the oil production act of 1990 after exxon-valdez accident? | double hull |
| what specifically does the clean water act address? | point source pollutants |
| "when the well is dry, we learn the worth of water." | benjamin franklin |
| what had the biggest effect on human life span after antibiotics? | having access to clean water |
| diseases transmitted by contaminated water include | intestinal disease, arsenic poisoning, mercury poisoning |
| three main parts of the water cycle | evaporates from wetlands lakes oceans and transpires from plants. enters the atmosphere which is colder condeses, moves underground by infiltration or runs off |
| what % of Earth's water is found in oceans? | 97% |
| Ground water is the _________ biggest reservoir of fresh water | available |
| infiltration is the process of __________________________________ | seeping through the zone of aeration to the water table |
| the zone of aeration contains | upper soil layers holding air and water |
| the zone of saturation contains | zone containing water table followed by ground water |
| what is the water table | upper level of zone of saturation |
| what are three benefits of wetlands | plays vital role in water cycle, increases biodiversity, stabilizes soil and prevents erosion, slows down runoff and increases aquifer recharge, holds excess water during floods |
| rivers and streams are formed from | runoff |
| the atmosphere is the _________ water reservoir | smallest |
| the atmosphere has a rapid turnover rate. what does that mean? | water does not stay in the atmosphere it redistributes |
| what is the largest source of water withdrawal? | agriculture |
| what is the second larges source | thermal electric power |
| where are most of the countries experiencing water stress? | africa |
| ground water is the source of _________ of the US freshwater | 0.6% |
| two consequences of heavy ground water withdrawal are | subsidence and cone of depression |
| what are three biggest domestics uses of water | toilet flushing, bathing, laundry and dishes |
| water pollution is any chance in water ___________ that adversely affects _____________ ____________. | quality, oxygen levels |
| what happens when an acid or base is added to water | the ph of the water changes |
| what are pcbs? | synthetic chemicals found to be mutagenic and banned in 1979. they are polychlorinated biphenyls that were used in electric equipment |
| which lake Michigan fish are listed do not eat? | channel catfish, lake trout and carp |
| what is impaired water? | too polluted to meet water quality standards |
| three main causes of impaired water | low levels of dissolved oxygen, excessive algae growth, decomposition of submerged plants |
| what percent of the water in our area is considered impaired? | 10-25% |
| what two requirements exist for testing tap water? | chlorine and fluoride |
| do similar requirements exist for bottled water | no |
| from an underground formation that naturally flows to the surface | spring water |
| water that has been filtered by ionization or reversed osmosis | purified water |
| from a confined aquifer | artesian water |
| in columbus from the Tuscaloosa aquifer | municipal water |
| water has been boiled and recollected | distilled water |
| reverse osmosis | removes dissolved inorganic solids from water |
| distillation | kills bacteria by boiling and contains no minerals |
| what happens to plastic bottles over time in the ocean? | plastic breaks down into smaller pieces due to exposure to the sun and accumulate in gyres ( rotating ocean currents) |
| what is the great ocean vortex | great pacific trash vortex located in the south pacific gyre |
| most of the oil in the ocean comes from | runoff from the land |
| what were the three reasons for the exxon valdez being such a disaster | remote location, delayed cleanup, the valdez was single hulled |
| oil pollution act of 1990 resulted in | oil companies responsible for cleanup and phased out single hulled tankers and replaced them with double hulled tankers |
| deepwater horizon: where did it occur? who operated the platform? | Gulf of Mexico and BP |
| What is Biological Oxygen Demand? BOD | amount of oxygen needed by aerobic organisms to break down organic material in water |
| what is dissolved oxygen content? DO | amount of oxygen carried in water |
Created by:
EmmaRoseDavis