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GOV Topic 3 Vocab
GOV Topic 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| inferior courts | the lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court |
| constitutionalism | basic principle that government and those who govern must obey the law |
| rule of law | concept that government and its officers are always subject to the law |
| separation of powers | basic principle of American system of government that the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches of government |
| checks and balances | system of overlapping the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to permit each branch to check the actions of the others |
| judicial review | the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes within the society |
| unconstitutional | contrary to constitutional provision and so illegal, null and void, of no force and effect |
| federalism | a system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national government and several regional governments |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the Constitution |
| amendment | a change in, or addition to, a constitution or law |
| ratification | formal approval or final consent of a constitution, constitutional amendments, or treaty |
| executive agreement | a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state |
| treaty | a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states |
| electoral college | group of person chosen in each State and the District of Columbia every four years who make a formal selection of the President and Vice President |
| cabinet | presidential advisory body, traditionally made up of the heads of the executive departments and other officers |
| Lyndon Johnson | Following this Vice President’s succession to the office of President when the elected President died in office, the adoption of the 25th Amendment was ratified to preserve this “custom” that was not a formal part of the actual Constitution. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Soon after this Democrat who won the Presidency four times left office, Republicans proposed the 22nd Amendment limiting the number of terms a President may serve to 2 terms. |
| division of powers | basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis |
| delegated power | those power, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government by the Constitution |
| expressed powers | those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution; also called the “enumerated powers” |
| implied powers | those delegated powers of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those “necessary and proper” to carry out the expressed powers |
| exclusive powers | those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone |
| concurrent powers | those powers that both the National Government and the States possess and exercise |
| Supremacy Clause | a provision of the U.S. Constitution that states that the Constitution, federal law, and treaties of the United States are the “Supreme Law of the Land” |
| reserved powers | those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not deny to the States |
| John Marshall | a strong Federalist, served on the Supreme Court for more than 30 years, many as Chief Justice, established that the Constitution grants the Federal Government implied powers for implementing its express powers, and that States cannot impede those powers |
| act of admission | congressional act admitting a new State to the Union |
| categorical grants | one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose |
| block grants | one type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy |
| interstate compacts | formal agreement entered into with the consent of Congress, between or among States, or between a State and a foreign state |
| extradition | the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is return to that State |
| project grants | one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific project to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them |
Created by:
cwarsing
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