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African Leaders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
President of Uganda from 1971-79. Military leader who came to power in a coup when Prime Minister Milton Obote was out of the country. Encouraged death squads such as the Public Safety Unit and the State Research Bureau, killing 1000s | Idi Amin (Dada) |
Leader of Libya from 1969-2011. Overthrew King Idris I in 1969. Blamed for the bombing of Pan Am 103 over Scotland which killed 270 people. In 1986 the U.S. attacked several sites in Libya. He was overthrown and killed during the Libyan Civil War in 2011. | Muammar al-Gaddafi |
Imprisoned for 27 years, most of them on Robben Island, a prison colony located off the coast of Cape Town. Leading figure in South Africa’s transition away from apartheid; he and his predecessor, F. W. de Klerk, shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. | Nelson Mandela |
Leader of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956, leading to a confrontation with Britain, France, and Israel | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
Prime minister of the Gold Coast in 1952. Declared independence from UK in 1957, renaming the country Ghana. 1st African leader to declare independence from a colonial power | Kwame Nkrumah |
Leader of Tanganyika and then Tanzania from 1961-85. Under his socialist leadership, literacy improved significantly, but poverty remained high, especially among rural laborers uprooted by centralized economic planning. | Julius Nyerere |
Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930-74. A 1936 invasion by fascist Italy forced him to live in exile in England until 1941, when he was restored to the throne with the assistance of the British military. A sacred figure in Rastafarianism. | Haile Selassie |
Changed the name of his country from “Congo” to “Zaire” (“Democratic Republic of the Congo” after his fall). Despite its atrocious human rights record, his regime was supported by the US because he took an anti-Communist position during the Cold War | Mobutu Sese Seko |
1st president of post-colonial Zimbabwe in 1980 and has led that country ever since. Regime has come under increasing criticism for his failure to prevent hyperinflation and his suppression of political dissent. | Robert Mugabe |
Fought against British control of Kenya during the Mau Mau rebellion of the 1950s. 1st President of Kenya. His son became the 4th president in 2013. | Jomo Kenyatta |
Egyptian President who replaced Nasser and was assassinated by Egyptian jihadists in 1981. | Anwar Sadat |
4th president of Egypt from 1981-2011. Replaced Sadat. Ousted from power during the Arab Spring and replaced by the Muslim Brotherhood. | Hosni Mubarak |