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APUSH
Chapters 13 & 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Andrew Jackson | a Democratic-Republican who was voted into office in 1828. The people wanted representation and reform from the administration of JQA. Believed that the people should rule. First president from the West. Appealed to the common man |
| John C. Calhoun | VP under Jackson, leading Southern politician, began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes and advocate for free trade, states rights, limited government, and nullification |
| Henry Clay | distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president 5 times until his death, was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House, responsible for the Missouri Compromise |
| Martin Van Buren | served as secretary of state during Jackson's first term, VP during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836 |
| William Crawford | ran agains JQA and Jackson in 1824 presidential election, third in electoral college votes, but suffered a stroke |
| John Quincy Adams | 6th president of the US, Federalist, then Democratic Republican, then Whig. Served in the senate and the House, helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine, lost his reelection to Jackson, viewed as one of the greatest diplomats in history |
| Daniel Webster | leading American diplomat during the Antebellum period, leader of the Whig party, opposed Jackson and the Democratic party, spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry. Served in the House, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents |
| Nicholas Biddle | ran the Bank from 1832 on, he had done much to put the institution on a sound and prosperous basis, many Americans, including Jackson, were determined to destroy it |
| Osceola | seminole leader who resisted the removal of his people from Florida in the 1830s, he died under suspicious circumstances after being tricked into surrendering |
| Stephen Austin | original settler of Texas who brought Americans to Mexico, granted and from Mexico on the conditions of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish |
| William Henry Harrison | an American military leader, politician, and ninth president of the US, and the first president to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many constitutional questions about succession |
| Sam Houston | US politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the US, first president of the Republic of Texas |
| John Tyler | elected VP and became the tenth president of the US when Harrison died, President responsible for the annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery |
| Juan Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican president and general, Mexican dictator who tried to crush Texas revolt and lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War, lead attack on Alamo, defeated Houston, sold the "Golden Purchase" to the US |
| Black Hawk | Sauk leader who died in 1832, led Fox and Sauk warriors against the US |
| William Travis | commander of the defenders of the Alamo who was only 26 years old, was determined to hold his position and managed to send messages through Mexican lines asking for assistance, killed in the Battle of Alamo, death made Texas fight harder for independence |
| Anti-Masonic Party | a 19th century minor political party in the US, it strongly opposed Freemasonry, and was founded as a single issue party, aspiring to become a major party |
| Revolution of 1828 | increased turn out of voters, proved that the common people had the vote and the will to use it to their ends, the political center of gravity was shifting away from conservatives |
| 12th amendment | allowed the House to elect JQA as president because Jackson received the most votes but not a majority of votes, angered Jackson and his followers |
| "King Mob" | nickname given to Jackson by conservatives as an insult after he allowed the commons into the White House the night of his inauguration, they created a mob, wrecking china and furniture and causing Jackson to have to sneak out for his safety |
| "Corrupt Bargain" | after Cay voted for JQA instead of Jackson, winning him the presidency, he was given a high position, Jackson and others accused the two of corruption, saying that Clay only gave JQA the presidency in exchange for the position |
| Tariff of Abominations | a protective tariff passed by the US Congress that effected the Antebellum Southern economy, it was the highest tariff in the US peacetime and its goal was to protect industry in the northern US from competing European goods |
| South Carolina Exposition | document that was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, stated that if the Tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede |
| Tariff of 1832 | a protectionist tariff in the US, was passed as a reduced tariff to remedy the conflict created by the Tariff of 1828, but it was still deemed unsatisfactory by southerners and other groups hurt by high tariff rates |
| Specie Circular | issued by Jackson and was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money, required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie, stopped the land speculation and sale of public lands went down sharply |
| Tariff of 1833 | a result of Clay's efforts to soothe South Carolinians qualms about the Tariff of Abominations, it caused SC to withdraw the ordinance nullifying the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832, accepted by everyone |
| Trail of Tears | Indians were forced to travel from NC and Georgia through more than 800 miles to Oklahoma, more than 4000 Indians died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the journey |
| Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the US, banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands, Jackson stopped this and the economy crumbled |
| Force Bill | authorized Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the tariffs of 1828 and 1832, never invoked because it was passed in Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff |
| Seminole Indians | lived in Florida, waged a 7 year war on the US to try to stop the forceable movement of them, tricked into a truce where Chief Osceola was captured, most were moved to Oklahoma but others hid in the everglades |
| Divorce Bill | bill passed by Van Buren in 1837 that divorced government from banking all together, and established and independent treasury, so the government could lock its money in vaults in several larger cities |
| 2nd Bank of the US | was due to expire in 1836, Clay wrote bill for recharter, Jackson vetoed the bill (didn't like the bill) |
| Lone Star Republic | (Texas) created in March 1836, not recognized until after the Battle of San Jacinto, its second president tried to establish relations with both England and France, but renewed threats and internal conflicts led Texas to join the US in 1845 |
| Independent Treasury | system in which government funds would be placed in independent treasury in DC and in subtreasuries, this way no private banks would have government money or name to use as a basis for speculation, Van Buren called special order of Congress for it to pass |
| "Pet" Banks | a term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the US |
| Whig Party | opposed Jakcosn, pro national bank, pro federal funding for internal improvements, pro political action for social reform, divided on terms of slavery to conscience and cotton farms |
| Samuel Slater | considered father of the American industrial revolution because he brought British textile technology, rather illegally, to America |
| Cyrus McCormick | designed McCormick reaper, which was horse-drawn and was used to cut harvest ripe crops with ease` |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of cotton gin, interchangeable parts, and the milling machine |
| Carl Shultz | politician and journalist who kept on the moral high ground and avoided partisanship at all costs. Fought against slavery and for good treatment of Native Americans, liberal |
| Robert Fulton | inventor of the first American steamboat, thus increasing trade while at the same time improving inter and state transportation |
| Samuel F.B. Morse | contributor to invention of one-wire telegraph, co-inventor of morse code |
| DeWitt Clinton | governor of New York, responsible for construction of Erie Canal, which boosted the economy greatly |
| Catharine Beecher | encouraged other women to work as nurses, school teachers, and maids |
| Clermont | a vessel with a powerful steam engine installed, invented by Robert Fulton, small, sparked success in steamboat |
| Boston Associates | a set of investors who had stakes in all of the major textile companies in New England |
| Ancient Order of Hibernians | group established to aid Irish immigrants |
| Molly's Maguire's | Members of Secret Irish organization located in Pennsylvania, engaged in a violent confrontation of Pennsylvanian mining companies |
| Order of the Star Spangled Banner | group protesting the mass immigration of Irish, Roman Catholics, and Germans into America |
| Cult of Domesticity | a widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker, married women held immense power in being able to control the morals of the household |
| Nativism | movement based on hostility to immigrants, motivated by ethnic tensions and religious bias, considered immigrants as despots overthrowing the American republic, feared anti-Catholic riots and competition from low paid immigrants |
| Commonwealth vs hunt | a landmark ruling of the Massachusetts Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers |
| Tammany Hall | NYC's famous political machine, a political organization within the democratic party in NYC seeking political control through corruption and bossism |
| GTT | Gone to Texas, phrase used by Americans immigrating to Texas, often to escape debt following the panic of 1819, the rules for moving to Texas were to Mexicanize, not own slaves, and convert to Roman Catholicism |
| "I shall never surrender nor retreat... Victory or Death" | Said by Colonel William Travis, who was the commander of Texan troops at the Alamo. This is significant because it showed how serious Texans were about gaining their independence |
| "Remember the Alamo" "Remember Goliad" "Death to Santa Anna" | Texan war cries, scores of vengeful Americans seized their rifles and rushed to the aid of relatives, friends, and compatriots |
| "Jackson Forever: Go the Whole Hog" | Jackson campaign slogan |
| "Freedom and Clay" | Clay campaign slogan |
| "Czar Nicolas I" | what enemies of the Bank called Nicholas Biddle |
| "Hydra of corruption" | what enemies of the Bank called it, a serpent that grew new heads whenever old ones were cut off |
Created by:
Cfontaine