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MGT 364 - Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does it mean to be in control, and out of control? | In control means that the sample is within the UCL & LCL. |
| Control chart limits are based on individual, small, or large samples? | Normally about 20-25 m |
| What is an "assignable cause"? | Variation in the production process that can be traced to specific causes. |
| What do SPC Charts do? | process used to monitor standards by taking measurements & competitive action as a product or service that is being produced. |
| What can you assume when something is outside control limits? | There is an issue that has caused the sample to be outside normal control limits. There is an issue in the sample that makes it bad....I don't know... |
| What is the difference between measuring "variables" vs. measuring "attributes". | V: Characteristics that can take real value. Normally whole #'s, fractions, or range of #'s. (Things that are measured) A: Defect-related characteristics, classifying products either good, or bad. Sometimes when you count. |
| How does acceptance sampling work? | 1.) Take samples @ random 2.) Inspect each of the items 3.) Decide whether to reject the whole lot based on the inspection results |
| What is Producer's Risk? | probability that a "good" lot will be rejected *Type I Error* -risk is normally set at .05 or 5% -Symbol is infinity sign with right loop halfway cut off |
| What is Consumer's Risk? | probability that a "bad" lot will be accepted *Type II Error* -Looks like a B with a long straight line. -Is normally set at .10 or 10% |
| What are "Acceptable Quality (AQL)"? | Poorest level of quality that you are willing to accept |
| What is "Lot Tolerance Percent"? | The quality level of a lot considered bad |
| What is "natural variation"? | the many variations that occur within a process that is in statistical control. |
| What does the x-bar chart do? | QUALITY control for variables that indicate when changes occur in the CENTRAL TENDENCY of production process **Used when there are continuous dimensions** |
| What does the R-chart do? | Control chart that tracks the "range" within a sample; if that a gain or loss in uniformity has occurred in dispersion of a product proces |
| What is a "run test"? | Help identify the kind of abnormalities in a process that we see. Normally 5 points above, or below target. May suggest that an assignable, or nonrandom variations present. When found, you should investigate why this is happening. |
| What is the purpose of acceptance sampling? | Form of quality testing used for incoming materials or finished goods. |
| What is capacity? | throughput, or the # of units a facility can hold, receive, store, or produce in a given time. |
| What is "effective capacity"? | Capacity a firm can EXPECT to achieve, given it's production product mix, methods of scheduling, maintenance, & standards of quality |
| What kinds of products are made in a "job shop" environment? | Machine, print, hospitals, and resturants |
| What is the disadvantage of using "repetitive" processes? | low to minimal flexibility |
| What are the characteristics of a "process" focus? | Low volume, & High Variety *Also called intermittent process Many departments and routing between them |
| What is "mass customization" and why is it possible today, and it wasn't in the past? | Rapid, low-cost production of goods & services that fulfill increasingly unique customer desires. |
| What types of company or process has low equipment utilization? | Process Focused (Made to Order) |
| An assembly line or a job shop is an example of what type of process? | Process Focused |
| How do you improve service processes? | *Postponement-customizing @ delivery (Last Step) *Modules-part of component of product previously prepared (Often in a continuous process) *Separation-go where service is offered *Self-service-compare @ their own pace. |
| What does "made to order" mean? | producing to customers order, not forcasted | high-volume system in which products are built to order |
| How do you achieve flexibility in your operations? | Cross-train, advance technology, more space, postponement |
| What are the 3 main processes? | Repetitive Focus - flexibility of people & equipment Process Focus - High Variety, Low Volume, Low Utilization Product Focus - Low variety, High volume, High Utilization, Specialized equitment |
| What is a breakeven? | objective is to find the point in dollars & units @ which cost equals revenue |
| Who focuses on minimizing cost? | Manufacturing |
| Who focuses on maximizing profits? | Service |
| Examples of tangible, and intangible cost include? | T: Labor, taxes, depreciation (Things that are readily identifiable, and precisely measured) IT: Public facilities, community attitudes toward industry (less easily quantified) |
| Location decisions for SERVICE or MANUFACTURING typically attempts to focus on doing what? | Clustering near their competitors, locate near their materials, and suppliers, locate near customers to increase business or lower shipping costs |
| What type of business is concerned with entertainment opportunities? | Service |
| What are the key concerns when making a location decision at the "site level"? | Political risk, proximity to markets, proximity to suppliers, proximity to competitors (Clustering) |
| What type of layout is associated with using "departments"? | Process-Oriented |
| What are the chief concerns of an office layout, and what are not it's concerns? | Focuses on flow of information, technology allows flexibility, need for space |
| What type of layout emphasizes placing departments, who have frequent contact, close to one another? | Process Oriented Layout |
| What types of layout would be best for a "fancy" restaurant? | Process Oriented |
| Low volume, High variety production would usually encourage what type of layout? | Process-oriented layout |
| A good layout requires that you determine material handling requirements. What else does it require? | *Environment & Aesthetics *Flows of Information *Capacity & Space requirements *Cost of moving between various work areas |
| What is the most common tactic you are trying to do with process-layout planning? | *Arrange departments or work centers to minimize costs of material handling *# of loads, distance related costs of moving loads between departments |
| What type of layout needs flexible equipment and labor assignments? | Process Oriented Layout |
| What is a drawback to using product layout? | *work stoppage @ any point will tie-up entire operation *high volume required due to large investment to obtain process *lack of flexibility when handling variety of processes |
| What does the term "heuristic" mean? | Rule of thumb |
| What are some "heuristic" rules for assigning tasks to work stations in a product layout? | 1.) Longest task time 2.) Most following tasks 3.) Ranked positional weight |
| What type of layout has the best equipment utilization? | Product-Oriented layout (also called repetitive, or continuous production) |
| The type of layout that can most easily improve employee morale is? | Process Oriented Layout |
Created by:
ekmabary92
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