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What were the three estates in French society?
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What was the immediate cause of the French Revolution?
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WORLD HISTORY
Chapter 22 French Revolution and Napoleon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the three estates in French society? | The First Estate was clergy, the Second was nobles, and the Third was peasants, townspeople, and the bourgeoisie. |
| What was the immediate cause of the French Revolution? | The French Revolution’s immediate cause was the near collapse of the French budget and the resulting food shortages and unemployment. |
| Who formed the National Assembly and why? | The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly when Louis XVI refused to change the voting structure in the Estates-General. |
| What happened on July 14, 1789? | Parisian rebels attacked the Bastille, a prison and an armory. After intense fighting, the warden surrendered. |
| What was the Great Fear? | The Great Fear was a time of vast panic. Peasants rebelled against the monarchy and feared an invasion of foreign troops. |
| What document, passed by the National Assembly, guaranteed men basic liberties? | The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen guaranteed basic liberties. |
| Why did the revolutionaries want to reform the Catholic Church? | They wanted to change the old order, bring the Church under control of the state, and get money by selling off Church lands. |
| How did the actions of the Paris Commune move the French Revolution to a more radical stage? | Members organized protests, captured the king, made the Legislative Assembly suspend the monarchy, and called for a National Convention. |
| Who were the sans-culottes? | They were Paris Commune members who wore long pants to identify themselves as ordinary people, not nobles |
| What problems led to the outbreak of a revolution in France? | the budget crisis, food shortages, and unemployment; the social inequality of the three estates and growing peasant resentment of the lavish lifestyles of the nobility; Louis XVI’s reluctance to reform the Estates-General. |
| The convention of 1792 abolished the _______________ and established a _______________. | monarchy, republic |
| Many members of the Mountain belonged to the _______________ club and believed the king should be _______________. | Jacobin, executed |
| The National Convention, fearing domestic uprisings and external threats, gave broad powers to the Committee of Public _______________. | Safety |
| The Committee, dominated by Maximilien _______________, controlled the government and adopted strict policies. | Robespierre |
| During the Reign of Terror, almost _______________ people from all classes were killed. | 40,000 |
| Robespierre called his new order of good citizens the Republic of _______________. | Virtue |
| The National Convention pursued a policy of _______________, which included closing churches, encouraging priests to marry, and the adoption of a new _______________. | de-Christianization, calendar |
| Fearing the revolution was in danger, the Committee of Public Safety issued a decree to raise a French _______________. | army |
| The large army pushed invaders back across the _______________ and conquered the _______________ Netherlands. | Rhine, Austrian |
| Members of the National Convention feared becoming the next victims of _______________ and voted to condemn him. | Robespierre |
| The _______________ of 1795 set up a government with two legislative houses whose members were chosen by _______________. | Constitution, electors |
| The government of the Directory, became known mainly for _______________ and began to rely on the to _______________ stay in power. | corruption, military |
| In a 1799 _______________, _______________ toppled the Directory and seized power in France. | coup d’état, Napoleon |
| What were the major events of the French Revolution, and how did each affect the Revolution’s outcome? PART 1 | the abolition of the monarchy and king’s execution created a backlash throughout Europe, which then led to power being given to the Committee for Public Safety; |
| What were the major events of the French Revolution, and how did each affect the Revolution’s outcome? PART 2 | the following brutal Reign of Terror led to increased public fear and a growing army, and, eventually, fear led to Robespierre’s death, then moderates drafted a constitution that created the Directory. |
| Napoleon’s failed invasion of _______________ led other _______________ states to attack the weakened French army. | Russia, European |
| Napoleon was exiled to _______________, and _______________ became king. | Elba, Louis XVIII |
| After Napoleon returned to Paris, Russia, Great Britain, _______________, and _______________ pledged to defeat him. | Austria, Prussia (either order) |
| Napoleon’s final defeat came at _______________ in Belgium against a combined _______________ and British army. | Waterloo, Prussian |
| At the Congress of _______________ in 1814, European powers rearranged territories to form a new balance of _______________ so that no one country could dominate. | Vienna, power |
| Prince von _______________ wanted lawful monarchs who had ruled before Napoleon to be restored to power. | Metternich |
| _______________ is a political philosophy based on obedience to political _______________ and a belief in organized religion. | Conservatism, authority |
| The great powers eventually adopted a principle of _______________; troops were sent in to crush revolutions in Spain and Italy. | intervention |
| Growing out of the _______________, the political philosophy of _______________ emphasized the protection of civil liberties. | Enlightenment, liberalism |
| After the French Revolution, people began to feel that their chief loyalty was to their _______________, not their king or town. | nation |
| _______________ and liberals agreed that each group of people should have its own state and its own government. | Nationalists |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 1 | Napoleon’s defeat in Russia and the alliance of Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia; |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 2 | Europe’s response, including the Congress of Vienna, the philosophy of conservatism, the formation of a new balance of power, the principle of intervention, and the rise of liberalism and nationalism. |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 1 | Napoleon’s defeat in Russia and the alliance of Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia; |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 2 | Europe’s response, including the Congress of Vienna, the philosophy of conservatism, the formation of a new balance of power, the principle of intervention, and the rise of liberalism and nationalism. |
| What was the result of the military campaigns Napoleon led in Italy? | His victories gave France control of northern Italy. As a result, he returned to France as a hero. |
| Who appointed Napoleon emperor? | Napoleon appointed himself Emperor Napoleon I. |
| Why did Napoleon make peace with the Catholic Church? | He felt it was smart to make peace with the Church since most French people were Catholic. Also, by doing so, he gained supporters. |
| How did Napoleon codify French laws? | He did away with the 300 different systems and created a set of seven law codes, including the Civil Code, which preserved some of the key revolutionary principles. |
| How did Napoleon change the bureaucracy? | He developed a powerful bureaucracy in which officials were chosen and promoted based on ability instead of rank or birth. |
| What were the parts of the Grand Empire? | The three parts of his Grand Empire were the French Empire, dependent states, and allied states. |
| How were dependent states different from allied states, and what is an example of each? | Dependent states like Spain were ruled by Napoleon’s relatives. Allied states like Prussia were defeated by Napoleon. |
| What are two major reasons that help explain the collapse of Napoleon’s empire? | Britain’s ability to resist Napoleon and the rise of nationalism in the peoples he conquered were two important causes of the empire’s collapse. |
| How did Napoleon rise to power, and what were the effects of his rule? Part 1 | his military successes, his appointment as consul, and his reign as emperor; the codification of French laws; peace with the Church; bureaucracy based on merit; |
| How did Napoleon rise to power, and what were the effects of his rule? Part 2 | the Grand Empire; rise of nationalism; preservation of some reforms of the French Revolution; development of a liberal tradition in countries within his empire. |
| Napoleon’s failed invasion of _______________ led other _______________ states to attack the weakened French army. | Russia, European |
| Napoleon was exiled to _______________, and _______________ became king. | Elba, Louis XVIII |
| After Napoleon returned to Paris, Russia, Great Britain, _______________, and _______________ pledged to defeat him. | Austria, Prussia (either order) |
| Napoleon’s final defeat came at _______________ in Belgium against a combined _______________ and British army. | Waterloo, Prussian |
| At the Congress of _______________ in 1814, European powers rearranged territories to form a new balance of _______________ so that no one country could dominate. | Vienna, power |
| Prince von _______________ wanted lawful monarchs who had ruled before Napoleon to be restored to power. | Metternich |
| _______________ is a political philosophy based on obedience to political _______________ and a belief in organized religion. | Conservatism, authority |
| The great powers eventually adopted a principle of _______________; troops were sent in to crush revolutions in Spain and Italy. | intervention |
| Growing out of the _______________, the political philosophy of _______________ emphasized the protection of civil liberties. | Enlightenment, liberalism |
| After the French Revolution, people began to feel that their chief loyalty was to their _______________, not their king or town. | nation |
| _______________ and liberals agreed that each group of people should have its own state and its own government. | Nationalists |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 1 | Napoleon’s defeat in Russia and the alliance of Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia; Europe’s response, including the Congress of Vienna, |
| Why did Napoleon fall from power, and how did Europe respond to his defeat? PART 2 | the philosophy of conservatism, the formation of a new balance of power, the principle of intervention, and the rise of liberalism and nationalism. |
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