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ch. 10
Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whether people feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether they attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to their own lack of academic ability. This BEST illustrates that emotions are influenced by: | cognitive appraisals. |
| The _____ is an approach to lie detection, which assesses a suspect's physiological response to crime-scene details known only to police investigators. | guilty knowledge test |
| _____ is a protein secreted by fat cells and, when abundant, causes the brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger. | Leptin |
| Two-year-old Alma is very bored. She has been stuck in her playpen for 30 minutes, has played with every toy available to her, and has looked at everything in the living room. She wants with all her being to escape. She is motivated to escape the playpen | increase her arousal to an optimum level. |
| William James would suggest that people feel sorry because they _____ and feel afraid because they _____. | cry; tremble |
| The sympathetic nervous system is to _____ as the parasympathetic nervous system is to _____. | arousal; calming |
| Taste preferences in humans are NOT the result of: | food's place of origin. |
| When a physiological need such as hunger creates an aroused tension state, this: | drives the organism to reduce the need |
| Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This BEST illustrates the importance of: | incentives |
| Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the: | left frontal lobe. |
| _____ refers to a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. | Motivation |
| The ingredients of emotion include not only expressive behavior but also: | expressive behavior and conscious experience |
| Tina's best friend is applying to graduate school, but only at the best schools in the country. He has always had a great desire for attaining a high standard and significant accomplishment. According to Henry Murray, he could be classified as someone wit | high achievement motivation. |
| This is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach. | ghrelin |
| By exposing different parts of emotion-laden faces, researchers found that people detect anger mostly from the _____ and happiness mostly from the _____. | eyes; mouth |
| In a positive mood, a person will experience increased activity in her: | left frontal lobe. |
| These two distinct hypothalamic centers control eating. | the lateral hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamus |
| Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system: | increases salivation and decreases blood pressure. |
| Some people are better at detecting other people's emotions. For example, shown a two-second scene of an upset woman, people who are _____ are better able to detect her emotion. | introverted |
| The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This BEST illustrates: | the spillover effect |
| Emotions do NOT consist of which component? | decision-making. |
| Maia has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now, she feels she needs to find a lover or even a close friend or two with whom she can share her life. According to Abraham Maslow, what is motivating her? | belongingness and love needs |
| A person who is prone to depression has increased activity in his: | right frontal lobe |
| This psychologist found that in over 125 studies of sensitivity to nonverbal cues, women generally surpass men at reading people's emotional cues. | Judith Hall |
| According to the text, emotionality is truer of women, a perception expressed by nearly 100 percent of _____ Americans | 18 to 29-year-old |
| Women appear to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues than men. Which research finding supports this? | Research has found all of these things are true |
| A researcher at a university in Nevada claims to have discovered that humans have a "gambling instinct." Another researcher in Hawaii claims humans have found a "surfing instinct." What is wrong with these claims? | Instead of explaining behaviors, they are naming them. |
| When Greg's autonomic nervous system was aroused, he misinterpreted the harmless symptoms as indicators of an impending heart attack. This misinterpretation caused him an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional response is BEST understood in terms | two-factor theory |
| Vicky thinks two of her friends are highly compatible, so she is trying to get them together. Which action might help to get them interested in each other? | Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes. |
| _____ says that people actually have many emotional reactions apart from, or even before, their interpretations of a situation. | Robert Zajonc |
| Terrell is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his: | ghrelin levels are low. |
| Luca has been diagnosed with a tumor near the base of the brain, and ultimately, it is affecting his hypothalamus. Thus, Luca will: | eat excessively and become very overweight. |
| Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. She is becoming agitated by watching people drink large glasses of soda, and the next chance she gets, | drive-reduction theory |
| The instantaneous and automatic fear response people experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the: | amygdala. |
| Maxine smells coffee brewing in the morning and, really, it is the only reason she is willing to get out of bed. In this situation, the coffee is a(n): | incentive. |
| Mark's friend's father has just died. Mark tells his friend that he truly feels the pain that she is going through. Mark really understands her grief, and both are crying together as he can actually feel the loss in his heart as well. This is an example o | empathy. |
| Highly emotional people are intense partly because of their interpretations. They may _____ events as being somehow directed at them, and they may _____ their experiences by exaggerating single incidents. | personalize; generalize |
| Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees illustrates the professional concerns of _____ psychologists | organizational |
| During a job interview, the prospective employee laughs at the interviewer's jokes and seems to feign his smiles. The interviewer does NOT know this from which of these? | The smiles last for seven to eight seconds. |
| Need is to _____ as drive is to _____. | food deprivation; hunger |
| Although instincts are not common to humans, which of these can be considered an innate tendency for human infants? | rooting and sucking |
| To experience an emotion, a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by: | Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer |
| Feigned smiles last for more than _____ seconds. | four or five |
| Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling? | Cannon-Bard theory |
| Jose was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes when his fasting blood glucose was discovered to be 300 mg/ml. His _____ production, which is secreted by the _____, was not controlling his blood glucose. | insulin; pancreas |
| According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which is the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward a group and they experience emotion? | see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear |
| A train is rapidly approaching, and Antonio's car stalls in the middle of the railroad tracks. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by: | dilation of his pupils. |
| _____ refers to identification with others and the ability to imagine walking in their shoes. | Empathy |
| Americans are more likely than Japanese to: | allow their facial expressions to openly display their feelings. |
| Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: | decreases salivation and increases blood pressure. |
| A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its _____ is destroyed. | lateral hypothalamus |
| Orexin is an appetite hormone secreted by the: | hypothalamus. |
| If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This BEST illustrates the: | facial feedback effect. |
| A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is: | incentive. |
| Cathy had gastric bypass surgery for her severe obesity. This has helped to lessen her appetite and cause her to lose weight because her remaining stomach produces less: | ghrelin. |
| Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling, and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her: | blood glucose level has dropped |
| Which theory suggests people would NOT experience intense anger unless they first notice their racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal? | James-Lange theory |
| Nina was almost hit by a bus. However, she is okay and her parasympathetic system is responding accordingly. It is: | slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion |
| Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as: | instincts. |
| According to research by _____, one reason a person feels hungry is because of stomach pangs | L. Washburn and Walter Cannon |
| If people mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, they probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is BEST explained in terms of the: | behavior feedback phenomenon |
| According to Carroll Izard, there are 10 basic emotions that humans experience, and most of these are present during infancy. Which is one of these basic emotions? | disgust |
Created by:
Imari Wright