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Aaron Beck
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Dorothea Dix
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AP Psych 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aaron Beck | Analyzed dreams of depressed people and believed gentle questioning revealed irrational thinking. |
| Dorothea Dix | Reformer that advocated constructing mental hospitals to offer more humane methods of treatment. |
| Albert Ellis | He and Allen Bergin demonstrated how sharply therapists can differ. He advocated an aggressive rational-emotive therapy. |
| Sigmund Freud | He created psychoanalysis and used free association and latent content. |
| Mary Cover Jones | Behaviorist psychologist that worked with a young boy named Peter. She made him get over his fear of rabbits by gradually introducing him to them during his snack time. |
| Carl Rogers | He developed client-centered therapy and used active listening as a technique. |
| Benjamin Rush | A founder of the movement for more humane treatment of the mentally ill, designed the chair with restraints to "help them regain their sensibilities." |
| Joseph Wolpe | Revised Mary Cover Jones techniques and called it exposure therapies. |
| Eclectic Approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
| Psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. |
| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. |
| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
| Transference | In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred of a parent). |
| Psychodynamic Therapy | Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight. |
| Insight Therapies | A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. |
| Client Centered Therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.) |
| Active Listening | Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clariefies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
| Behavior Therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. |
| Exposure Therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. |
| Systematic Desensitizaiton | A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. |
| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. |
| Aversive Conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| Token Economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. |
| Cognitive Therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
| Family Therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. |
| Regression Toward the Mean | The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
| Meta-Analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
| Evidence-Based Practice | Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
| Biomedical Therapy | Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. |
| Psychopharmacology | The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. |
| Antianxiety Drugs | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. |
| Antidepressant Drugs | Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electirc current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. |
| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
| Resilience | The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
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gabby.linn