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History Chapter 6
Age of Exploration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 3 things 15th century sailors feared | The sea began to boil the further south you went, the world was flat so you could fall off and that there was monsters in the sea |
| Name 4 reasons for increased travel. | European trade centred around the Mediterranean coasts, European rulers and church leaders wanted to defeat north African Muslims, monarchs wanted more land and previous explorers had written about their travels. |
| What was the Great Silk Route? | The main trading route between China and the East and Europe. |
| What were the Spice Islands/Moluccas? | Modern islands of Indonesia and Philippines which were rich with herbs and spices |
| Why did the Great Silk Route become dangerous for traders? | The Turks took over Constantinople and expanded into neighbouring regions |
| Why did monarchs want to conquer more land? | It was more expensive to fight over already claimed lands and they hoped explorers would find riches. |
| What is the name for people who draw maps? | Cartographer |
| What was a portolan? | Maps of the coastline designed to help sailors find safe harbours |
| What is are quadrants and astrolabes? | Instruments measuring the height of the sun or the North Star above the horizon |
| What is a chronometer? | Instrument used to measure the distance east or west from a geographical point |
| Longitude | The distance (east or west) something is from a fixed geographical point |
| Knot | Unit used to measure the speed of a ship |
| Fathom | Unit used to measure the depth of the water |
| Logbook | A daily diary kept by the captain of the ship detailing the journey of the ship |
| Clinker-built and where from? | Method of ship-building which used overlapping wooden boards on the sides of the ship to provide strength, Portugal and Spain |
| Lateens and where from? | Triangular sails used on ships to increase manoeuvrability, Italy |
| Caravel and where from? | A type of ship originally used by the Portuguese. It was clinker-built but it used both triangle and square sails |
| Carrack/naos | A type of caravel developed for storage |
| What is a firebox? | Where all the cooking was done on the ship to prevent it from catching fire |
| What is ships biscuit? | A hard bread that didn't go stale |
| What is typhoid? | A disease contracted from dirty water |
| What is scurvy? | A disease contracted from lack of vitamin C |
| What is a chaplain? | A priest who travelled with the ship |
| Why did Portugal lead the way in exploration? | Faces towards Atlantic so hard to trade with Mediterranean, advances made by Portuguese in navigation and ship-building, heard stories of lands beyond North Africa |
| Who was Prester John? | A mythical Christian king who supposedly lived in a kingdom on the other side of the Arab lands, who if found would create an alliance between the Christians and Muslims |
| What did Henry the Navigator set up and where? | A navigational school in Sagres |
| What did the navigational school do? | Gathered the best mapmakers, shipbuilders and tradesmen to find a route to the east by sailing around Africa |
| What are padroas? | Large pillars that were placed along the coast to mark the furthest distance travelled by explorers down the African coast |
| What is Cape Bojador? | Most westerly point of the African coast reached by the Portuguese when Henry the Navigator died |
| What did the Portuguese name places after? | The things they find there e.g. Slave Coast |
| What did Bartholomew Diaz set out to do? | Find the southern cape of Africa |
| What happened before Diaz found the cape? | He was blown off course by at Orange River but then somehow found his way to the cape anyway. |
| What did Diaz call the cape when he found it and what was it renamed and why? | He called it the Cape of Storms but the King John changed it to the Cape of Good Hope when he returned to Portugal to encourage more people to use it |
| What did Vasco da Gama want to find? | The route to the spice islands |
| How many ships did Vasco da Gama set sail with? | Four ships |
| Where did Vasco land on Christmas day after following Diaz's maps to the Cape of Good Hope? | A place they called Natal |
| What was the name of the trader Vasco met and what did he know? | Ibn Majid, the route to India |
| Where in India did Vasco land and what did he buy there? | Calcutta, many spices and precious jewels |
| What did Vasco discover? | The route to the East. |
| What were the results of Portuguese explorers? | Became one of the wealthiest countries in Europe by trading, newly-discovered lands became Portuguese colonies, inspired other countries that wanted to create empires and be wealthy |
| What is a colony? | Foreign land that a country claims to own |
| What did Cathay mean? | Word for China |
| What did Cipangu? | Word for Japan |
| Results of Columbus' Journey. (3 points) | Inspired other explorers, brought first settlers to the New World (big effect for natives), shown it was possible to find land in the West |
| Who was Amerigo Vespucci? | An explorer inspired by Columbus who realised the 'New World' was actually a new continent which was named America after him |
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? | An agreement between Portugal and Spain that divided up the New World so as to avoid conflict. Spain took lands west and Portugal took lands east of line. |
| Why do Brazilians speak Portuguese not Spanish? | It was discovered by a Portuguese sailor and it was east of the Line of Tordesillas |
| What is mutiny? | When the crew of a ship try to remove the captain of a boat and take over its command |
| Who were the Patagons? | Word meaning 'people with big feet' from the southern part of modern Argentina now called Patagonia |
| What are the Magellan Straits? | Route through the southerly cape of South America from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean |
| Why is the Pacific Ocean called this? | It has very calm waters, compared to those of the Atlantic ocean |
| What is Mactan? | The name of the island where Ferdinand Magellan was killed |
| What is circumnavigation? | To sail around the world |
| What are conquistadores? | Spanish word meaning conquerors; explorers who conquered large areas of central and south America |
| Who were the Aztecs? | People from the ancient civilisation of modern Mexico |
| What was Tenochtitlan? | Capital of the Aztec civilisation |
| What were the results of the conquests? (5 points) | Other countries inspired by new lands, European countries became wealthy by creating empires, Atlantic-facing countries gained power so Mediterranean became less important, native languages died out, slavery became a huge business |
Created by:
stellamcb
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