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environmental
fishing and aquaculture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the process of pole fishing | line is attached to a baited hook which can catch and pull in the fish |
| pole fishing has a low rate of bycatch. what is bycatch? | species of fish that are unwanted and accidentally caught |
| Describe the process of longline fishing | commercial fishing technique where baited hooks are attached to a single long line fishing line that trails behind a ship |
| what kind of animals are vulnerable to becoming bycatch in longline fishing operations? | sea turtles, sharks and other fish |
| Describe the process of trawling | a large net is dragged behind a ship |
| there are two ways that trawling and bottom trawling can be damaging to an ecosystem. a. bycatch b. sea floor | bycatch: species big enough to be caught in the net will be trapped sea floor: pulls up coral reefs |
| define the maximum sustainable yield of a fishery | the maximum that can be harvested without diminishing the population for future years |
| what is an overexploited fishery? | being harvested at unsustainable levels |
| what does marine trophic index measure | measurement of the average trophic level of the total catch from a fishery |
| what are territorial waters? how far do they extend | exclusive fishing zones that reached 200 miles off each coastline |
| how far do exclusive economic zones extend | extend 200 miles from each nations coastline |
| at what level are annual catch limits established at | NOAA |
| what are marine reserves | where no living organisms can be legally harvested |
| define aquaculture | the process of farming aquatic organisms |
| define mariculture | the farming of saltwater organisms |
| what issues are mariculture operations vulnerable to | large animal farms, including antibiotic overuse and manure |
| define aquaponics | fish farming can be combined with hydroponics |
| explain what these labels placed on fish at the store mean farmed, wild caught, MSC certified | farmed- raised in a mariculture or aquaponics facility. wild caught - caught from a body of water. MSC certification - label attached to any seafood that follows sustainable fishing prices |
| individual fisherman use poles lines and baited hooks to catch fish | pole fishing |
| baited hooks are attached to a single fishing line that trails behind a ship | longline fishing |
| a large net is dragged behind a ship, catching fish larger than the holes of a net | trawling |
| aquatic life unintentionally caught alongside a desired species | bycatch |
| the most that can be harvested from an aquatic ecosystem without diminishing the population for future years | maximum sustainable yield |
| the position a species occupies on a food chain, e.g. primary consumer. | trophic level |
| an area of the ocean that is protected and fishing is illegal | marine reserve |
| the practice of raising fish in a confined area in the ocean | aquaculture |
| raising fish in a hydroponics facility that recycles the water as nutrients for the plants | aquaponics |
| rank the three forms of fishing we covered from highest to lowest rates of bycatch | trawling is the highest, followed by longline fishing, pole fishing has the least amount of by catch. |
| besides bycatch, what ecological damage can be caused by bottom trawling | any benthic ecosystems such as coral reefs can be completely destroyed by the weights at the bottom of the trawl net |
| what is the difference between a fully exploited and an overlyexploited fishery?which on is in the most danger of becoming a depleted fishery | fully exploited fisheries are harvesting at the maximum sustainable yield. overexploited fisheries surpasss that level and are more likely to become depleted as a result. |
| before the moratorium was declared, Newfoundland and labrador had a massive fishing industry that relied on atlantic cod. what trophic level did these fish occupy? with the stocks of these fish now depleted what options do fisherman have left | the atlantic cod was a top predator. now that the cod are gone harvesting must be done at lower trophic levels such as crabs lobsters or capelin |
| what exactly does the marine trophic index measure? what is the difference between a fishery with a marine trophic index of 4.2 and one with an index of 2.8? | the index is a measurement of the average trophic level of the species harvested by the fishery. a higher index such as 4.2 indicates that more top predators are being harvested a lower index like 2.8 indicates more primary consumers are being harvested |
| are the US annual catch limits set by NOAA higher or lower than the maximum sustainable yield? why are they set at this level? | catch limits in the US are lower than the maximum sustainable yield. this allows for some recovery and increase in the fish stocks from year to year |
| explain the difference between territorial waters and exclusive economic zones | territorial waters were established first and set boundaries of 12 miles away from shore that only could be fished by the adjoining country. exclusive economic zones extended that area to 200 miles from shore. |
| what are some of the potential problems with aquaculture | the high concentrations of fish create huge amounts of manure that flows into the surrounding ecosystem. if the fish are treated with antibiotics or other drugs these will also leake into surrounding ecosystems. |
| explain the difference between each of these labels: farmed, wild caught, and MSC Certified | Farmed-the fish was raised in aquaculture facility, wild-caught- the fish grew in the wild (ocean, lake, etc), and was caught and harvested by fisherman. |
| MSC Certified | MSC Certified- the fish has been sourced from a fishery or facility that pledges to abide by specific standards and practices that promote sustainability |
Created by:
EmmaRoseDavis