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Planets Final #1
Test 1 Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of rock can NOT be convertd into one of the other types? | Any of them can be converted into any of them |
| If you observe an angular conformity, you would infer that the region has experienced: | uplift and tilting of sedimentary units that exposes them to erosion over a period of time |
| Which of the following layers in the Earth has the highest density? | outer core |
| Describe Hawaiian vocalnoes: | They are situated in the interior of a large, Pacfic plate above a hot spot deep in the mantle |
| Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is; | thicker and older |
| If the Earth did not have plate tectonics, which of the following would probably not be found? | trenches |
| In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units? | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| The Andes Mountains in South America are formed by: | subduction |
| In order, what are the most abundant elements in Earth's crust (2)? | oxygen and silicon |
| Motion in a P-wave is: | longitudinal |
| Which 2 elements combine to make most of the common rock forming minerals in the crust? | silicon and oxygen |
| If you observe a NONCONFORMITY, you would infer that the region had experienced: | deposition of sedimentary layers on igneous or metamorphc rocks that are exposed at the surface of the earth |
| THe composition of the earth's inner core is thought to be? | solid iron-nickel alloy |
| Which of the following areas is LEAST likely to experience an earthquake? | Florida |
| The athenosphere is actually part of which layer of earth? | mantle |
| Which type of lava has the lowest viscosity? | basaltic |
| What is the difference between "lava" and "magma"? | It is just a name change; and lava is what magma is called if it reaches the surface of the Earth |
| The largest percentage of total magma production on earth occurs at what plate tectonic setting? | spreading ridges |
| Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest? | crust |
| Which of the following plates is getting significantly smaller? | Pacfic |
| The Hawaiian Island-Emperor Seamount chain is formed as a result of: | hot spot activity |
| The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source: | epicenter |
| Which type of plate boundary is NOT commonly associated with widespread volcanic activity? | continental divergent boundaries |
| If magma or lava cools quickly, the resulting igneous rocks will have: | very small crystals |
| Where on Earth might you find a shield volcano? | At a hot spot where basaltic lava is flowing; Hawaii or Iceland |
| Convergent plate boundaries are: | sites where cold, downgoing convective cells, the plates, descent into the mantle |
| What medium will the different wave types go through? | P and S waves will go through solids, P waves travel through liquids |
| Volcano type that are short lived volcanoes that last a few days to months then shut down: | cinder cone |
| OCeanic crust is composed primarily of | basalt |
| What is the major volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases? | water |
| Silts and clays are commonly deposited in lakes, lagoons, swamps, and marine environments because: | those settings have relatively still water |
| The athenosphere is a layer of the Earth characterized by: | soft rocks that flow easily |
| In the course of a year, how far will a tectonic plate typically move? | 3 cm |
| Tectonic boundary found at an ocean trench: | convergent continental-oceanic OR oceanic-oceanic |
| Tectonic boundary found at an ocean ridge: | divergent oceanic-oceanic |
| Tectonic boundary found at a rift valley: | divergent continental-continental |
| Oceanic crust is generated at: | spreading ridges |
| After 3 half-lives, how much of an original, radioactive, parent isotope remains? | 12.5% |
| A transform boundary is characterized by: | a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions |
| Volcano A erupts rocks with SiO2 content ranging from 49% to 52% whereas volcano B, 100km away, erupts material with a SiO2 content of 62%-68%. What kind of volcanoes are these? | Volcano A is probably a shield volcano with typically quiescent eruptions, whereas Volcano B is likely a stratovolcano characterized by violent, explosive eruptions. |
| Which ocean formed as a direct result of the breakup of Pangea? | Atlantic |
| Where on the Earth might you find a continent-continent convergent plate boundary? | Himalaya Mountains |
| What type of volcanic material is indicative of eruption under water? | Pillow lavas |
| The lithosphere is the outer layer of the earth characterized by: | hard rocks that break |
| Oceanic crust is destroyed at: | convergent plate margains |
| All of the earth's ocean basins are: | less than 200 million years old |
| What tends to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano? | high viscosity and dissolved gas |
| If you observe a disconformity, you would infer that the region had experienced: | deposition in shallow water, uplift or lowering of sea level enough to expose the rocks to erosion and non-deposition for a period of time |
| Which of the following organisms would be most likely to be preserved in the geologic record? | a clam with a thick calcite shell that lived on a mudflat |
| What is the age of the Earth accepted by most scientists today? | 4.6 billion years |
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