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Science Chapter 3
Erosion and Deposition Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where a river flows from an area of harder rock to an area of softer rock, the softer rock may wear away, eventually forming a drop called a ... | waterfall |
| What type of energy is involved when a river moves sediment and erodes its banks? | kinetic energy |
| Which of the following is evidence that an area was once covered by a glacier: loess deposits; V-shaped valley; U-shaped valley? | U-shaped valley |
| After the last ice age, stranded ice blocks left behind by the continental glacier melted and formed ... | kettles |
| The volume of water that moves past a point on a river in a given time is called the river's ... | flow |
| Particles of clay and silt eroded and deposited by the wind are called... | loess |
| A stream or river that runs into another stream or river is called a ... | tributary |
| The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called ... | erosion |
| If waves erode the soft rock along the base of a steep coast, the result may eventually be a landform called a ... | wave-cut cliff |
| What causes most sediment to wash or fall into a river? | mass movement and runoff |
| The process in which rock fragments freeze to the bottom of a glacier and then are carried away when the glacier moves is called ... | plucking |
| Water erosion begins when runoff from rainfall flows in a thin layer over the land in a kind of erosion called ... | sheet erosion |
| A ridge of till located at the farthest point reached by a glacier is called a ... | terminal moraine |
| The energy that produces ocean waves comes from ... | wind blowing across the water's surface |
| Where a coastline turns and interrupts longshore drift, sand may be deposited in a fingerlike landform called a ... | spit |
| Mass movement is caused by ... | gravity |
| The process by which wind removes surface materials is called ... | deflation |
| What is one main difference between continental glaciers and valley glaciers? | Continental glaciers are much larger and thicker |
| Deltas are built up by ... | deposition |
| In deserts, deflation can sometimes create an area of rock fragments called a ... | sand dune |
| As more water flows through a river, its speed will ... | increase |
| Wind carying sand grains deposits the sand when the wind ... | slows down or hits an obstacle. |
| A river flowing across a wide flood plain begins to form looplike bends called ... | meanders. |
| As the energy of a wave moves through the water, what happens to the water particles themselves? | They move up and down, but do not move forward. |
| What happens as gravity pulls water down a slope? | Potential energy changes to kinetic energy |
| How would a fast-flowing river be most likely to move sand-sized particles of sediment? | It would lift them and carry them downstream. |
| A landscape in which a layer of limestone close to the surface erodes into deep valleys, caverns, and sinkholes is called ... | karst topography |
| A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range is called an ... | alluvial fan. |
| Landsides, mudflows, slump, and creep are ale examples of ... | mass movement |
| Glaciers can only form when ... | more snow falls than melts. |
| _______ is very slow movement of sediment down a slope. | Creep |
| Once the depth of snow and ice reaches more than 30 to 40 meters, the force of ______ begins to pull a glacier downhill. | gravity |
| An _______ may form where a stream flows out of a narrow mountain valley, slows down, and deposits sediment. | alluvial fan |
| A ________ glacier spreads out over a large island or continent. | continental |
| The process that lays down sediment in a new location is _______. | deposition |
| As a river's slope increases, the power of the river to cause erosion usually _________. | increases |
| Water at the top of a slope has _______ energy. | potential |
| A ________ is a cone-shaped deposit of calcite that builds up on the floor of a cave. | stalagmite |
| The stronger the wind, the ______ the particles it erodes. | larger |
| In a process called _____, the rocks dragged by glaciers produce grooves and scratches in bedrock. | abrasion |
| A streambed's shape affects the amount of _______ between the water and the streambed. | friction |
| The mixture of sediments deposited directly by a glacier is called ______. | till |
| Wind and water are agents of _______ that move sediment from one location to another. | erosion |
| As the water in a river moves downstream, the ______ energy of the water moves sediment. | kinetic |
| The main ways sediment enters a river are mass movement and ________. | runoff |
| Boulders can become smaller as they are moved down a stream bed. This is an example of the process of _______, the wearing away of rock by grinding action. | abrasion |
| The force that moves sediment in a landslide, or mudflow is _______. | gravity |
| The major agent of erosion that shapes Earth's land surface is moving ______. | water |
| The main way that the wind erodes the land is by the process of ________. | deflation. |
| A kind of glacier called a _________ forms when ice and snow build up in a mountain valley. | valley glacier |
| Ocean waves contain energy that is transferred to them by _____ moving across the surface. | wind |
| _________ is the term used by geologists for water that soaks into the ground, fills the openings in the soil, and trickles into cracks and spaces in layers of rock. | Groundwater |
| The times in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth's land surface were the _________. | ice ages |
| The process in which a glacier loosens and picks up rock as it moves is called ______. | plucking |
| Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake is called a _________. | delta |
| The two processes by which waves erode the land are impact and __________. | abrasion |
| A mass movement called _______ occurs when sediment suddenly slips downhill in one large mass. | slump |
| As waves repeatedly hit a beach, some of the beach sediment moves down the beach with the current, in a process called ________. | longshore drift |
| Through erosion, rivers form _______, which are wide, flat areas covered by water during floods. | flood plains |
| Loess is sediment made up of fine particles of silt that have been deposited far from their source by _______. | wind |
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