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NCFE review list
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blue Ridge Mountains | Hikers and tourists are attracted to this region that is home to Brasstown Bald and the beginning of the Appalachian Trail |
| Fall Line | area that features a rapid drop in elevation and the point where two regions meet |
| Barrier Islands | protect Georgia's mainland from erosion |
| Chattahoochee River | important source of water for the state that forms part of the border between Georgia and Alabama |
| Okefenokee Swamp | fresh water wetlands that are protected wildlife refuges |
| Paleo Indians | the first humans in Georgia; nomadic hunters and gathers who hunted large game such as wooly mammoth and giant bison |
| Archaic Indians | second oldest Native American culture in Georgia; semi-nomadic hunters who hunted smaller game; credited with developing grooved axes, fish hooks, and pottery |
| Woodland Indians | the third prehistoric Native American culture in Georgia; credited for the development of the bow and arrow, pottery for storage, and intensification of horticulture, as well as building small mounds |
| Mississippian Indians | the last major prehistoric Native American culture in Georgia; known for being large scale farmers, developing copper jewelry and tattoos, and mound builders who traded throughout North America |
| Atlatl | a spear throwing device used perhaps as early as the Paleo Indian period; allowed spears to be thrown faster, further, and more accurately |
| 13th Amendment | ended slavery throughout the country |
| 14th Amendment | granted citizenship to African-Americans and guaranteed them all the rights protected by the Bill of Rights |
| 15th Amendment | guaranteed that no citizen could be denied the right to vote by either the federal government or a state because of the color of their skin |
| bicameral | two houses, two legislative chambers |
| Articles of Confederation | first written constitution of the United States with many weaknesses |
| Compromise | A settlement in which each side gives up some of its demands in order to reach an agreement |
| Mercantilism | the English economic policy focused on exporting more than importing |
| horticulture | science of cultivating plants and trees |
| income | the amount of money a person earns during a year |
| continent | one of the great divisions of land (such as North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, or Antarctica) of the Earth |
| depression | A period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises |
| disenfranchisement | creative ways to prevent African Americans from voting |
| Lend-Lease Act (1941) | allowed the U.S. government to send billions of dollars in supplies & military equipment to allied countries in exchange for U.S. rights in their military bases |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal; "separate but equal" |
| Brown vs. Board of Education | A Supreme Court case ruled in 1954. It reversed Plessy V. Ferguson citing that separation is not equal especially in schools. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws that separated people of different races in public places in the south |
| segregation | separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences |
| The New Deal program | name given to a series of federal programs spearheaded by President Franklin Roosevelt in order to help the nation recover from the Great Depression; provided aid and support to many poor Georgians |
| Weak Mayor System | a form of city government where the mayor holds some responsibilities, but the city council holds the majority of the power, duties, and responsibilities |
| Andersonville | Confederate prison that was notorious for being overcrowded and unsanitary (many prisoners died of disease and starvation) |
| Chickamauga | Confederate victory in NW Georgia in which neither side pursued the other to drive out forces from the Confederacy |
| Bourbon Triumvirate | Democratic leaders who dominated Georgia politics in the years following Reconstruction. (They wanted to redeem/help Georgia recover from Reconstruction. They wanted to expand GA. economy and keep many old southern traditions, including white supremacy.) |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, Maine joined as a free state, and slavery would not be allowed north of the 36°30' line of latitude (maintaining the balance of power in Congress) |
| Compromise of 1850 | California admitted as a free state, New Mexico and Utah organized as territories, and a Fugitive Slave Act |
| State's Rights | the privileges that states possess to govern themselves without interference from the federal government |
| Dred Scott Case | ruled slaves were property and didn't have the rights of American citizens and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional because it limited people's rights of ownership |
| Rebecca Latimer Felton | First woman to serve in the US Senate who supported educational reform, the temperance (anit-alcohol) movement, and the sufferage (women's right to vote) movement. She challenged the Bourbon Triumvirate along with her husband. |
| Booker T. Washington | believed that African Americans could advance faster through hard work and accepted social separation |
| Eugene Talmadge | four time Georgia governor that fought against Roosevelt's New Deal policies; appealed to Georgia's farmers for his belief in low taxes and limited government |
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