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Stalin
4.2 - Show Trials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Stalin issue? | New decrees that gave his secret police, the NKVD, power to organise trials of 'crimes against the State' (treason). |
| What wasn't allowed in treason trials? | Witnesses or appeals. |
| What could be done in treason trials? | Torture to extract a confession. |
| What could failure to inform the NKVD of a traitor lead to? | A 20-year prison sentence. |
| Who became the enemies of the State during the process of collectivisation of agriculture? | The kulaks |
| What was done to the kulaks as a result of them becoming enemies of the State? | They were tried, + shot or sent to labour camps. The labour camps, or gulags, grew in number and size during the 1930s. Those condemned to live there suffered near-starvation and were forced to construct railways or canals, or build new industrial cities |
| What can be said about the new industrial cities that some people sent to gulags were forced to help build? | They were impressive. |
| Give an example of one of the impressive new industrial cities that some of the people sent to gulags were forced to help build: | Magnitogorsk |
| Why were Show Trials organised? | To justify the sentences imposed on the accused. |
| Who were tried in the Show Trials? | Almost all of the Old Bolsheviks who had played a leading part in October 1917. |
| What happened to almost all of the Od Bolsheviks who had played a leading part in October 1917 and were tried in the show trials? | They were found guilty after confessing to a variety of ludicrous crimes, and shot. |
| What happened in 1936 as a result of the Show Trials? | Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others were shot after being brought to trial accused of plotting to assassinate Stalin with the help of Trotsky. |
| When were Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others shot after being brought to trial accused of plotting to assassinate Stalin with the help of Trotsky? | 1936 |
| In the 1936 Show Trial of Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others, what happened? | The victims were humiliated by the State prosecutor, Andrei Vyskinsky, in scenes that were broadcast around the world. |
| What was organised in 1937? | A second major Show Trial. |
| When was a second major Show Trial organised? | 1937 |
| What happened at the second major Show Trial (organised in 1937)? | 17 leading Bolsheviks were accused of spying on behalf of Germany and Japan. All confessed that they were guilty and 13 were shot. |
| What happened to nearly a million lower-ranking party officials? | They were accused of less serious crimes, thrown out of the party and sent to labour camps or shot. |
| How many lower-ranking party officials were accused of less serious crimes, thrown out of the party and sent to labour camps or shot? | Nearly a million. |
| What were even members of the police charged with? | Treason. |
| Even who were charged with treason? | Members of the police. |
| Who was the head of the NKVD? | Yagoda |
| What happened to the head of the NKVD, Yagoda? | He was dismissed from his post and shot. |
| Who was dismissed from his post and shot? | The head of the NKVD, Yagoda. |
| What happened to many lower-ranking NKVD men? | They were accused of deliberately not rounding up enough traitors and they were also executed. |
| Who were accused of deliberately not rounding up enough traitors and also executed? | Many lower-ranking NKVD men. |
Created by:
mollyyy
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