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USG Study Guide
Study guide for USG #s 1-30
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communist state | All means of production are owned in common, rather than by individuals |
| Social contract theory | Organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members |
| Federal system advantages | Fosters state loyalties, practices pragmatism, creates laboratories of democracy, encourages pluralism, ensures the separation of powers and prevents tyranny |
| Economic assistance | Usually aid refers to assistance from the developed world to LDCs – less developed countries |
| Political parties | A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office |
| Majority rule | The principle that the greater number should exercise greater power |
| Rule of law | The restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws |
| Checks and balances | Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups |
| Sovereignty | Supreme power or authority |
| Leadership | The action of leading a group of people or an organization |
| Thomas Hobbes | Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy |
| Public services performed by government | Examples of public services are the fire brigade, police, air force, and paramedics |
| The purpose of the presidential veto | Lack of action from the president may also result in a bill being passed if Congress remains in session |
| Explain how a command economy works/what are it's characteristics | The government largely determines what is produced and in what amounts, private ownership, consumer sovereignty, and competition |
| John Locke's definition of the social contract/examples | Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live |
| List the many functions of governments | Preserve Order, Defend Against External Enemies, Manage Economic Conditions, Redistribute Income and Resources, and Provide Collective (Public) Goods |
| List the characteristics of a traditional economy | Traditional economies are often based on one or a few of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering |
| If a democracy becomes an oligarchy, how would it's economy be affected? | The U.S. government now represents the rich and powerful, not the average citizen, United Press International reported |
| In a truly democratic society describe how an election runs and what happens after the election | Democracy is not government of some people by some people and for some people as a frequent practise in some developing nations |
| List the differences between the goals of socialism and capitalism | Capitalism affords economic freedom, consumer choice, and economic growth. Socialism, which is an economy controlled by the state and planned by a central planning authority, provides for a greater social welfare and decreases business fluctuations |
| List examples of public services provided by the government | Examples of public services are the fire brigade, police, air force, and paramedics |
| Explain what a state can do because it is sovereign | While according to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states, unrecognised states will often find it hard to exercise full treaty-making powers and engage in diplomatic relations wi |
| List the 14 principles of a democracy | Citizen Paricipation EQUALITY POLITICAL TOLERANCE ACCOUNTABILITY TRANSPARENCY REGULAR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS ECONOMIC FREEDOM CONTROL OF THE ABUSE OF POWER BILL OF RIGHTS ACCEPTING THE RESULTS OF ELECTIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MULTI PARTY SYSTEM RULE |
| Force theory | The state is the result of superior physical forces; it originates in the subjugation of weaker by stronger |
| Evolutionary theory | Organisms that possess heritable traits that enable them to better adapt to their environment compared with other members of their species will be more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass more of their genes on to the next generation |
| Divine right theory | The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin |
| List socialist aspects of the American mixed economy | The mixed economy is defined as a form of capitalism where most industries are privately owned with only a minority of public utilities and essential services under public ownership |
| Describe what can occur in a pure capitalist system | Is an economic system in which individuals own productive resources, and those individuals can use resources in whatever manner they choose, subject to common productive legal restrictions |
| Mixed economy | An economic system combining private and public enterprise |
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7michaelse
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