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IndustrialRevolution
History Chapter 7 Industrial Revolution
definition | term |
---|---|
a drug that prevents pain during sugery | anesthetic |
the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers | enclosure |
to separate iron from its ore | smelt |
money used to invest in enterprises | capital |
a business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories | enterprise |
were those who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting new businesses | entrepreneurs |
raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth into their own homes | putting-out system |
the movement of people to cities | urbanization |
multistory buildings divided into apartments | tenements |
workers' organizations | labor unions |
the idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens | utilitarianism |
the people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production | socialism |
the farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods | means of production |
a system in which governments led by a small elite controlled all economic and political life | communism |
working class | proletariat |
a political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system | social democracy |
private roads built by entrepreneurs who changed travelers a toll, or fee, to use them | turnpikes |