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LC Bus Bus Finance
Unit 4 -Finance for Business
Question | Answer |
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Bank Overdraft | Allows customers to withdraw more funds from their current account than they have in the account, up to a certain limit. |
Trade Credit | Involves buying goods on credit from creditors and paying for them later. E.g. stock |
Accrued Expenses | Refers to expenses a business has incurred but not yet paid for. E.g. telephone, electricity |
Taxation | Deducted from payrolls, PRSI and VAT collected on sales are paid for in arrears. The money is available for the business to use until the taxes are due for payment. |
Factoring | The sale of a firms debts to a financial institution. |
Term Loan | Negotiated with the bank and repaid in fixed instalment over an agreed period of time, usually 1-5 years. |
Hire Purchase | Means purchasing an asset by paying an initial deposit and then paying the balance together with interest monthly by regular instalments over an agreed period of time. |
Leasing | Renting fixed assets e.g. machinery, in return for the payment of an agreed monthly sum. Suitable for assets that become obsolete rapidly. The Hirer of the asset never becomes the owner. Rental payments can be offset against tax. |
Equity | Share capital is provided by the owner or shareholders of the business. It does not involve repayment of interest. |
Debentures | Provided by financial institutions. Interest payments are tax deductible Loans are usually secured on the assets of the business. |
Venture Capital | Also known as Seed Capital. This is finance for business start-ups in high risk ventures. |
Grants | Provided by government agencies. They do not have to be repaid. They have conditions attached that must be fulfilled. |
What is Cash flow forecasts? You are not required to be able to prepare Cash flow forecasts (household budgets). You do need to be able to understand and interpret them. | An estimate of the future flow of money in and out of the business |
What is the importance of a Cash Flow Forecast? | • To make sure that the household or business has enough cash. • To attract investors. • To borrow. • To plan financial requirements (fixed, irregular and discretionary). • To identify times of high expenditure and be ready for them. |
How do you resolve net cash deficits: | • Cut down expenditure • Earn extra revenue • Spread large expenditures over a longer period • Borrow • Get investors (business only) |
List the short term finance for households? | Short term: Overdraft; Accrued Expenses; Credit (including credit cards and charge cards). |
List the medium term finance for households? | Medium term: Hire Purchase; Leasing; Term Loan (bank and credit union); Savings. |
List the long term finance for households? | Long term: Mortgage (annuity and endowment); Savings. |
List the short term finance for businesses? | Short term: • Accrued expenses • Bank overdraft • Factoring Trade credit |
List the medium term finance for businesses? | Medium term: Hire Purchase; Leasing; Term Loan (bank and credit union); Savings. |
List the long term finance for businesses? | Gov grants; debentures; retained earnings; venture capital; sale and leaseback; equity. |
Factors to take into account when choosing a source of finance: | • Cost • Purpose / is it correct match? • Amount • Control • Collateral • Risk • Security Tax implications |
What is the differences between households and businesses. | • Profit? • Scale of borrowing, spending, cash flow, etc. • More time and expertise required for business. • Businesses are legally required to keep financial records. • Some sources of finance |