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WWI
GEHS Terms and events
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| militarism | a policy of building up armed forces to prepare for war |
| Balance of power | The posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. |
| Triple Alliance | An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. |
| Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. |
| What three factors increased military and political tensions in Europe? | nationalism, imperialism, and militarism |
| nationalism | the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other |
| Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria who is assassinated by Serbian nationalist; sparks WWI |
| Nicholas II | Last Tsar of Russia, he involved the Russians in WWI |
| mobilize | the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. |
| Central Powers | in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies |
| Allied Powers | world war I alliance of Britian, France, and Russia, and later joined by Italy, the United States, and others. |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | German emperor in World War I; his aggressive foreign policy is often blamed for starting the war. |
| Schlieffen Plan | Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. |
| First Battle of the Marne | WW1 battle in which French forces stopped the German advance near Paris; 1914 |
| trench warfare | Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, limited gains, stalemate. |
| no-man's land | A strip of land beween the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1 |
| Weapons of WWI | poison (mustard) gas, machine guns, tanks, submarines -- claimed thousands of lives more effectively and didn't make for a shorter war as expected |
| U-Boats | German submarines, were the worlds largest and most advanced, causing heavy losses to Allied shipping |
| stalemate | deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other |
| isolationism | a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs |
| Lusitania | American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI |
| Sussex pledge | the agreement between Germany and the US that said that Germany would sink no more merchant ships without warning |
| Woodrow Wilson | American President during WWI - had 14 point plan - key figure in League of Nations |
| Zimmermann Note | a secret document to Mexico that said Germany would help them regain lost territories in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico if they joined the war on the Central Powers side |
| Three events leading to U.S. entering the war in order | sinking of Lusitania, breaking of Sussex pledge, and the Zimmerman Note |
| Committee on Public Information | U.S. government organization that produced propaganda to build support for the war |
| George Creel | Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI through parades, posters and pamphlets |
| Espionage Act of 1917 | Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1 |
| Sedition Act of 1918 | made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyaly about the US government, constitution, or flag |
| Selective Service Act | Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft |
| Women's jobs in military | nurses, ambulance drivers, interpreters, typists, telephone services, |
| Liberty Bonds | Where people bought bonds so the government could get that money now for war. The bonds increased in interest over time. |
| War Industries Board (WIB) | created by Wilson to oversee the production and distribution of goods made by the country's war industries |
| Three conditions that produced higher wages and better conditions for labor | Allied need for American products; labor shortage as men joined army; decline in immigrant workers |
| National War Labor Board | helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production. |
| Effects of war on industry and labor | higher wages, better working conditions, and greater government control over the economy |
| American Expeditionary Forces | The US forces led by General John Pershing who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI |
| Communists | people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war. |
| Second Battle of the Marne | The first battle that the US participated in overseas. They stopped Germany from taking France, turning point of world war 1 |
| armistice | cease fire signed in the 11th hour, on the 11th day, of the 11th month 1918. |
| Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's plan put before the League of Nations to prevent future war. called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations |
| Self-determination | right of people to choose their own form of government |
| League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. |
| reparations | payment for damages after a war |
| Treaty of Versailles | Treaty that ended WWI. It blamed Germany for WWI and handed down harsh punishment. |
Created by:
webera
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