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Applied Behavior Analysis
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ABA terms
ABA Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied Behavior Analysis | Evidenced based applied science, discovering environmental variables that influence socially significant behavior |
| Science | Determinism, systematic approach, natural world |
| 3 levels of scientific understanding | Description, Prediction, Control |
| Description | quantified and classified (Number of praise statements made by teachers in the classroom) |
| Prediction | Two events may regularly occur at same time. |
| Control | Highest level of scientific understanding, functional relation |
| 6 attitudes of science | DEER PP |
| Determinism | Cause and effect, Lawfulness, If/Then Statements, world is orderly and predictable |
| Empiricism | FACTS, experimental, data based scientific approach |
| Experimentation | Manipulating variables to see effect on DV, basic strategy of most sciences, all variables must be controlled except DV |
| Replication | Repeating experiments, determine the reliability |
| Parsimony | Simple, fewest assumptions, keep it simple stupid |
| Philosophical Doubt | Healthy skepticism |
| 7 Dimensions of ABA | BATCAGE |
| Behavioral | Observable events, (raising your hand) |
| Applied | Socially significant behaviors, improves everyday life |
| Technological | Replicable like a recipe, detail |
| Conceptually Systematic | tied to basic principles of ABA (PER) Punishment, extinction, reinforcement |
| Analytical | A functional relationship is demonstrated, Experimental control |
| Generality | Extends behavior change across time, settings, or other behaviors |
| Effective | Did it work? Improves behavior |
| Mentalism | What the HEC? (Hypothetical construct, explanatory fiction, circular reasoning) Freud, talk therapy, inner dimension |
| Hypothetical Constructs | Free will, using the diagnosis to explain behavior, presumed but unobserved entities |
| Explanatory Fictions | knows, wants, figure out |
| Circular reasoning | He cried because he felt sad, cause and effect are both inferred from the same information |
| Behaviorism | Philosophy of the science of behavior. Environmental explanations of behavior |
| 4 Branches of Behavior analysis | CASE (Conceptual Analysis (Behaviorism), ABA, Behavior Service Delivery, Experimental Analysis of behavior (EAB) |
| Ivan Pavlov | Respondent conditioning with dogs, 1906 first study |
| John Watson | Methodological behaviorism, publicly observable events, Little Albert experiment, no private events |
| B.F. Skinner | Radical behaviorism, included private events, |
| 2 Primary Types of Behavior | Respondent and Operant |
| Respondent Behavior | Elicited, Involuntary, Reflex, US-UR, unlearned behaviors, Phylogenic |
| Habituation | When the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time, the strength of the respondent behavior diminishes. (Bright light in eyes makes pupil constriction lessen.) |
| Respondent Conditioning | Ivan Pavlov bell....... US,UR,NS,CR,CS |
| Operant Behavior | Emike/Evoke, Voluntary Action, 3-term contingency, S-R-S, Ontogenic (interaction with environment), history with consequences |
| Operant Contingency | The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the behavior. (You can stay up later by one hour if you get all your chores done.) |
| What is the primary unit of Analysis in ABA? | 3 Term Contingency A-B-C |
| 3 principles of behavior | Punishment, Extinction, Reinforcement (PER) |
| Contiguity | When 2 stimuli occur close together IN TIME, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli |
| Response | Single instance of behavior |
| Response Class | A group of behaviors that comprise an operant. 1 question= different answers. |
| Stimulus | Internal or external, an energy change, physical events that affect the bx of an individual, can be described formally |
| 3 types of nervous systems | PIE: Proprioceptive, interoceptive, exteroceptive |
| Proprioceptive | Balance and movement (Propel take for muscles) |
| interoceptive, | Internal events, (headache, hunger pains) |
| exteroceptive | Think 5 senses, (Hearing, smelling) |
| Stimulus class | Antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class |
| 3 types of stimulus classes | FOR THE FUN (FTF) Formal, Temporal, Functional |
| Formal Stimulus Class | Physical Feature (topography), size, color, on top |
| Temporal Stimulus Class | TIME, changes that exist or occur prior to a behavior or after a behavior. |
| Functional Stimulus Class | Hearing a buzz when you have a text messages or your battery is low |
| Feature Stimulus Class | All dogs (common topographies |
| Arbitrary Stimulus Class | Limited number of stimuli, Evoke same response but they do NOT share a common stimulus feature. 50%, 1/2, 0.5 do not look alike but share the same meaning |
| Consequences | Only affect future behavior, immediate have the greatest effect |
| Automaticity | A person does not have to know hat a consequence means for it to work. Operant conditioning occurs automatically. |
| Positive reinforcement | AKA: Type I Reinforcement Sr+, increases the future frequency of behavior. |
| 5 types of positive reinforcers | EATSS Edible, Activity, Tangible, Social, Sensory |
| Negative Reinforcement | AKA: Type II, Sr- Reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior. |
| 2 Types of Negative Reinforcement | Escape and Avoidance |
| Escape | escape from an ongoing aversive stimulus (walk out of a boring lecture) |
| Avoidance | A response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus. |
| Discriminated Avoidance | A signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer. (Checking the traffic report to avoid the freeway traffic while going to work) |
| Free-Operant Avoidance | No warning, the avoidance is free to occur at any time. |
| Unconditioned reinforcer | No learning history required, stimulus change that can increase future frequency without prior pairing (Food, water, hot, cold) (Phylogency) |
| Conditioned Reinforcer | NS- functions as a reinforcer through S-S pairing with one or more UR or CR. (Tone with food) |
| Generalized conditioned reinforcer | Money, token systems, social attention and social praise. CR that is paired with many UR and CR's |
| Punishment | Decreases the future frequency of behavior. 2 term contingency B-C. |
| Recovery from punishment | Punishment is stopped, its effects on behavior are not permanent. |
| Behavioral Contrast | A change in one component of a multiple schedule that is accompanied by a change in the opposite direction on another component. |
| Positive Punishment | AKA: Type I. Addition of stimulus that decreases in future frequency of behavior |
| 5 types of positive punishment interventions | ROSER Reprimands Overcorrection Shock Exercise Response Blocking |
| Reprimands | No! Stop! |
| Overcorrection | Restitutional Overcorrection: Repair environment to original state and make it better. Positive Practice: Repeatedly perform the correct behavior |
| Negative Punishment | AKA: Type II, removal of stimulus that decreases future frequency of behavior. |
| Negative Punishment Procedures | Response Cost Time Out Procedures |
| Response Cost | Loss of specific amount of reinforcement contingent on a behavior. |
| Bonus Response Cost | Students usually get 15 minutes of recess but you give them a bonus 15 that you can take away from. |
| Direct Fines | Direct loss of positive reinforcers, Lose 5 minutes of recess time. |
| Non-exclusionary time out | Not removed from space, less restrictive |
| 4 Types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out | IWOR Planned Ignoring Withdrawal of a specific Positive Reinforcer Observation Ribbon |
| Ribbon/Time out Ribbon | On= can earn reinforcement Off=Cannot earn reinforcement |
| 3 Types of Exclusionary Time Out | RPH Room-Time out room Partition time out Hallway time out |
| Extinction | Previously reinforced response is discontinued so that behavior decreases in the future. Not a punishment procedure |
| 3 Types of Extinction | PAN Positive Reinforcement Automatic Reinforcement (light switch) Negative Reinforcement |
| Extinction Burst | The burst is first, immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented. |
Created by:
jessnelson