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APT 400 Chapter 9

Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Describe the communication process, explain the difference between one- way and two-way communication, and identify barriers to effective communication. Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another to create a shared understanding and feeling.
Encoding Occurs when the message sender converts a thought, idea, or fact into a message composed of symbols, pictures, or words.
Message The encoded information being sent.
Channel The medium used to send the message to the receiver , including voice, writing, graphs, videos, intranets, the Internet, television, and body language.
Decoding When the message receiver sees , reads, or hears the message , it gets decoded. The interpretation and translation of the message back into something understood by the receiver.
Feedback A check on the success of the communication.
Noise Anything that bloc ks, distorts, or changes in any way the message the sender intended to communicate.
Describe different forms of organizational communication. The exchange of information among two or more individuals or groups in an organization that creates a common basis of understanding and feeling.
Nonverbal communications Are not spoken or written. Some of the strongest and most meaningful communications are nonverbal—a fire alarm, a smile, an emoti- con, a red traffic light, or a look of anger on someone’s face.
Body language Body movement such as a gesture or expression that conveys information to others.
Verbal intonation The emphasis given to spoken words and phrases.
One-way communication Information flows in only one direction.The sender communicates a message without expecting or getting any feedback from the receiver.
Types of Task Interdependence Pooled interdependence, Sequential interdependence, & Reciprocal interdependence
Pooled interdependence when employees work independently and their output is combined into group output.
Sequential interdependence Like in an assembly line, requires tasks to be performed in a certain order. This increases the need for communication as individuals or groups are dependent on other individuals or groups for the resources they need to complete their own tasks.
Reciprocal interdependence Requires constant communication and mutual adjustment for task completion, such as a cross-functional research and development team, or an event-planning team, and creates the highest potential for conflict.
Selective Perception Selective perception occurs when we selectively interpret what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes rather than on how things really are.
Mis-perception Occurs when a message is not decoded by the receiver in the way the sender intended.
Filtering Occurs when people receive less than the full amount of information due to the withholding, ignoring, or distorting of information
Information Overload When the amount of information available exceeds our ability to process it, we experi- ence information overload.
Organizational Barriers Organizational barriers to communication come from the hierarchical structure and culture of the organization. Numerous hierarchical levels or depart- ment specializations can make communication across levels and departments difficult. D
Cultural Barriers Words and gestures can mean different things in different cultures. low-context cultures Cultures that rely on words to convey meaning high-context culture Situational and nonverbal cues are used to convey meaning
Two-way communication Once a receiver provides feedback to a sender, the sender and receiver have engaged in two-way communication.
Downward communication occurs when higher-level employees communicate to those at lower levels the organization—
Upward communication Occurs when lower-level employees communicate with those at higher levels—
Horizontal communication Occurs when someone in an organization communi- cates with others at the same organizational level.
Diagonal Communication When employees communicate across departments and levels, they are engag- ing in diagonal communication.
Formal and Informal Communication Formal communications are official, organization-sanctioned communications. Informal communication is anything that is not official.
Social Networking The set of relationships among people connected through friendship, family, work, or other ties.
Created by: towilliamsjr
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