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Elbow/Forearm/Wrist
MMT
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Elbow Flexion AG Position | (S) sitting w/ arm adducted at shoulder and extended at elbow, held against side of trunk |
Elbow Flexion AG Stabilize | Humerus in adduction |
Elbow Flexion AG Palpate | Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis |
Elbow Flexion AG Observe | (S) flex elbow, hand toward face |
Elbow Flexion AG Resist | Distal end of volar surface of forearm, pulling downward toward elbow extension |
Elbow Flexion AG Substitution | GD plane, wrist flexors may substitute |
Elbow Extension AG Position | (S) lying prone w/ humerus abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees, forearm in neutral position & perpendicular to floor |
Elbow Extension AG Stabilize | humerus |
Elbow Extension AG Palpate | Triceps, anconeus |
Elbow Extension AG Observe | (S) extend elbow to just less than max range |
Elbow Extension AG Resist | Distal end of forearm into elbow flexion |
Elbow Extension AG Substitution | None |
Elbow Extension GD Position | (S) seated w/ abducted to 90 degrees, supported if necessary & elbow fully extended |
Elbow Extension GD Stabilize | Humerus |
Elbow Ext GD Palpate | Triceps, anconeus |
Elbow Ext GD Observe | (S) extends elbow, moving hand away from shoulder |
Forearm Supination AG Position | (S) seated w/ adducted, elbow flexed to 90 degrees, forearm pronated; wrist & fingers relaxed |
Forearm Supination AG Stabilize | Humerus |
Forearm Supination AG Palpate | Supinator, biceps |
Forearm Supination AG Observe | (S) supinate forearm, turning hand palm up |
Forearm Supination AG Resist | Grasp around dorsal aspect of distal forearm w/ fingers & heel of hand, turning arm toward pronation |
Forearm Supination AG Substitution | Wrist and finger extensors |
Forearm Sup GD Position | (S) seated w/ adducted, elbow flexed to 90 degrees, forearm supinated, & wrist & fingers relaxed |
Forearm Sup GD Stabilize | Humerus |
Forearm Sup GD Palpate | Supinator, biceps |
Forearm Sup GD Observe | (S) supinate forearm, turning palm of hand toward face |
Forearm Pro AG Position | (S) seated w/ adducted, elbow flexed to 90 degrees, forearm supinated, & wrist & fingers relaxed |
Forearm Pro AG Stabilize | Humerus |
Forearm Pro AG Palpate | Pronator teres, pronator quadratus |
Forearm Pro AG Observe | (S) pronate forearm, turning hand palm down |
Forearm Pro AG Resist | Grasp around dorsal aspect of distal forearm w/fingers & heel of hand, turning arm toward supination |
Forearm Pro AG Substitution | Wrist & fingers flexors |
Forearm Pro GD Position | (S) seated w/ shoulder flexed to 90 degrees & upper arm supported, elbow flexed to 90 degrees, forearm in full supination |
Forearm Pro GD Stabilize | Humerus |
Forearm Pro GD Palpate | Pronator teres, pronator quadratus |
Forearm Pro GD Observe | (S) pronates forearm, turning palm of hand away from face |
Wrist Flexion AG Position | Forearm supinated, on supporting surface, wrist in neutral position, fingers & thumb relaxed |
Wrist Flexion AG Stabilize | Forearm |
Wrist Flexion AG Palpate | Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris |
Wrist Flexion AG Observe | (S) flexes wrist |
Wrist Flexion AG Resist | Fingers placed across (S) palm and pull toward wrist extension |
Wrist Flexion AG Substitution | Abductor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus, digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus |
Wrist Flexion GD Position | Forearm in mid position w/ ulnar border of hand resting on supporting surface |
Wrist Flexion GD Stabilize | Forearm |
Wrist Flexion GD Palpate | Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris |
Wrist Flexion GD Observe | (S) flexes wrist |
Wrist Extension AG Position | Forearm pronated on supporting surface, wrist in neutral |
Wrist Extension AG Stabilize | Forearm |
Wrist Extension AG Palpate | Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris |
Wrist Extension AG Observe | (S) extend wrist |
Wrist Extension AG Resist | Palm is placed across dorsum of (S) hand & pushes toward flexion |
Wrist Extension AG Substitution | Extensor pollicis longus, extensor digitorum |
Wrist Extension GD Position | Forearm in mid position w/ ulnar border of hand resting on supporting surface |
Wrist Extension GD Stabilize | Forearm |
Wrist Extension GD Palpate | Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris |
Wrist Extension GD Observe | (S) extend the wrist |