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kinesiology
gait and posture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| events that place between heel contact of same foot | stride |
| the distance between right heel strike and the following right heel strike (56 inches) | stride length |
| events between heel contacts of opposite feet | step |
| the distance traveled in one step (28 inches) | step length |
| the distance between heel centers of two consecutive foot contacts (how far apart are your feet) | step width |
| 2 steps make a______ | stride |
| (normal) 3 inches from heel to heel is? | how far apart are your feet |
| the number of steps a person will walk over a period of time (step rate) | cadence |
| (cadence) _____ steps /min | 110-120 |
| the speed at which a person walks (distance per time) | walking velocity |
| the angle between the line of progression and a line between the midpoint of heel to metatarsal head of the 2nd toe. | foot angle |
| toe in or toe out | foot angle |
| the events that occur within two heel contacts of the same leg and divided into the stance and swing phase, and each phase is further divided | the gait cycle |
| _____% is stance and ___% is swing | 60% and 40% |
| it describes points in time and key points in the gait cycle | traditional |
| it describes periods of time and the dynamic nature of gait | rancho los amigos (RLA) |
| 1) heel strike 2) foot flat 3) mid stance 4) heel off 5) toe off | traditional stance phase |
| 1) initial contact 2) loading response 3) mid stance 4) terminal stance 5) pre-swing | rancho los amigos stance phase |
| begins when heel first contacts the ground | heel strike |
| the center of gravity of the body is at its ______ point | lowest |
| ankle held in neutral DF (hip flexion/ knee flexion) | heel strike |
| ankle transitions toward foot-flat stance and DF muscles are eccentrically activated to lower the ankle into plantar flexion | heel strike |
| the knee is slightly flexed positioned to absorbed shock of intial weight bearing | heel strike |
| quadriceps are eccentrically active to allow a slight "give" to the flexed knee and help prevent the knee from buckling | heel strike |
| hip extensors are isometrically active to prevent trunk from jackknifing forward | heel strike |
| loading response of gait | foot flat |
| muscles and joints of the lower limb assists with shock absorption as the lower extremity continues to accept increasing amounts of body weight | foot flat |
| ankle moved into 5-10 degrees of PF | foot flat |
| knee flexed to about 15 degrees acting as as hock absorbing spring | foot flat |
| quadriceps function eccentrically, and hip extensors guide the hip towards increasing extension | foot flat |
| where does foot flat occur? | talocrural joint |
| you have to have one leg stance to walk | mid stance |
| occurs as leg approaches vertical position | mid stance |
| leg is in single limb support, as other limb is freely swinging forward | mid stance |
| DF muscles inactive , PF muscles are eccentrically active controlling the rate at which the lower leg advances over the foot | mid stance |
| knee reaches near extended postion (quadriceps) | mid stance |
| hip abductors play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis in the frontal plane, preventing the drop of the pelvis on the opposite side | mid stance |
| heel breaks contact off the ground | heel off |
| PF muscles and Achilles' tendon stretch in preparation for propulsion | heel off |
| PF muscles contract concentrically | heel off |
| extended knee prepares to flex | heel off |
| hip extends, ending in about 10 degrees to extention | heel off |
| eccentric activation of hip flexors | heel off |
| toes in hyperextension at MTP | toe off |
| ankle ; PF through concentric activation of PF muscles | toe off |
| knee flexed 30 degrees , hamstrings active | toe off |
| knee flexion is a result of inertia produced as hip is pulled into flexion | toe off |
| the final stage, the hip is in a neutral position, with the thigh perpendicular to the ground | toe off |
| in toe off _____ is 1st and ______ is 2nd | tibia, femur |
| toe off complete and limb swings positioned directly under the body ( when stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with knee flexion during swing) | early swing (acceleration) |
| swing limb is directly under the body (when knee flexion during swing and ends when tibia is perpendicular to the ground) | mid swing (mid stance) |
| after mid swing; swing limb extends and ends to heel strike | terminal swing (deceleration) |
| walking backwards and then forwards using quads and gluts is testing your _____ phase | swing |
| double -single- double- single- double is? | double & single limb support |
| if an individual walks normal through a large pipe, can he walk in normal stance? | no |
| displacement of CoM is ? | vertical/ horizontal displacement |
| muscle weakness/ paralysis, joint/ muscle ROM limitation / hyperflexibility, neurological involvement, pain ,leg length discrepancy (x-ray the best way) | gait deviations |
| on heel strike, the foot quickly drops into PF, producing a sound as it hits the ground | foot slap |
| foot slap is weak DF of the ? | tibialis anterior |
| individual appears to be stepping over an imaginary obstacles and initial foot contact is made with with forefoot or entire plantar surface of foot. (more hip flexion and sound is important) | high stepping gait |
| swing leg is advanced in semi-circle arc. (saggital plane, no hip flexion, weak DF) | hip circumduction |
| excessive elevation of pelvis on swing side | hip hiking |
| backward lean of trunk during foot-flat phase | weak gluteus Maximus gait |
| flexed postion of hip and knee during stance phase of gait , often referred to as a crouched gait | flexion contracture |
| during single-limb support, pelvis and trunk lean excessively to the same or opposite side due to weak hip abductor muscles (trendenlenburg sign) | weak hip abductor gait |
| knee |
Created by:
Shannon10
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