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Chapter 23-1

The French Revolution Begins

TermDefinition
3 Estates of France The three social classes in France before the revolution. The First Estate being the clergy, the Second being the nobility, and the Third being the rest of the population.
Estates General France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.
Radical A person with extreme views, often seen as revolutionary.
Conservative A person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in politics. After Robespierre's execution, France reverted back to this type of government
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen National Assembly's statement, reflecting on Enlightenment ideas, saying everyone is equal.
Louis XVI King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
Marie Antionette Wife of Louis XVI and Queen of France. The people hated her for frivolous spending. She was executed during the French Revolution.
1st Estate 1% of France's population. It consisted of the Roman Catholic Church (higher and lower clergy). They did NOT pay taxes!
2nd Estate Nobility (wealthy). They were less than 2% of population, but owned 25% of land. They paid no taxes and held the highest offices in government.
3rd Estate 97% of the population. Made of three more groups: a) Bourgeoisie b) Workers of France's cities c) Peasants. Parts of the Estate were in such poor condition that they were eager for change. They paid all of the taxes!
Tennis Court Oath A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution.
Old Regime The political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution.
National Assembly A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people.
Great Fear A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
Bourgeoisie French upper middle class, including bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals and skilled artisans, who promoted Enlightenment ideals to fuel the revolution.
Bastille A fort that represented aristocracy (symbolic of absolutism) that was attacked during the French Revolution.
Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789: When a mob and some of the king's soldiers attacked the a prison where gun powder was kept. This event marked the official start of the French Revolution.
Created by: msheremeta
 



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