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WHAP Final
AP World HIstory 1st Semester Final
| term,concept or people | associated word/ phrase | associated word/ phrase | associated word/ phrase |
|---|---|---|---|
| River Valleys | Fertile soil | communication and transportation | unify people |
| Geography/ Geographical Features | Influences people's culture or way of life | Affects distribution of population | Water based |
| Art and Agriculture in society | reflect or tell us something about that culture | in totalitarian societies it reflects the will of the ruler | reflects the society's technology |
| Hammurabi's Code (Babylon) | social order | strict- "eye for an eye" | like other codes of law |
| Mandate of Heaven/ Dynastic Code | similar to the European theory of divine right | believed authority to rule came from god | ends in 1911 (1st Chinese Revolution) |
| China's Geography | natural boundaries | isolation | ethnocentrism (middle kingdom) |
| Japan's Geography | Archipelago/ lack of natural resources/ mountainous | Isolation (until 19th century) and homogeneity | dependence on trade- interdependent |
| West Europe's Geography | Irregular coastlines | trade | Dev. of a navy/ imperialistic |
| Northern Africa's Geography | Sahara desert and desertification | distinct culture from sub-Saharan culture | difficulty with trade, communication and travel |
| Sub-Saharan Africa's Geography | abundance of minerals and resources | European interest through imperialism | diverse geographical features |
| Regular/Smooth Coastlines | No natural bays & harbors | little trade | Africa |
| Latin America's Geography | diverse geographical features | diverse cultures- difficult to unify as one nation | difficulty in transportation and communication |
| Monsoons | India and Southeast Asia | seasonal winds that bring much needed rain or dry air | could be devastating (i.e. - in Bangladesh) |
| India's Geography | Himalayas/Hindu Kush- Isolation for most of its history | monsoons | abundance of minerals and natural resources |
| Straits | Strategic locations for trade | Bosporus, Dardanelles, Malacca, Hormuz & Magellan | Constantinople |
| Middle East Geography | Arid/Sacristy of water | Cultural crossroads | Abundance of oil/oil as a weapon/O.P.E.C. |
| Deserts | limit communication | limit travel and trade | act as barriers |
| Rivers | improve communication | improve trade and travel | bring unity |
| Russia's Geography | Historically driven by its need for access to warm water ports - Peter The Great | Northern European plain was a frequent invasion route by enemies | Russian winter: Swedes, French, and Germans defeated |
| Islam | the Koran/ Quran | 5 pillars of Islam | monotheistic/Allah Mohammed |
| Judaism | Monotheistic | the Torah/the Talmud | the covenant- the promised land- Israel |
| Confucianism | seeks social order, harmony and stability | the five relationships/ importance of family and ethics | Filial Piety and Analects |
| Hinduism | the Caste system/ rigid class system | reincarnation/Dharma and Karma/Moksha | Ahimsa |
| Buddhism | Siddhartha Gautama | Reincarnation/Nirvana | 4 Noble Truths and eightfold path |
| Christianity | Monotheistic | Roots in Judaism | Jesus Christ/Savior |
| Shintoism | Spirits in Nature | Practiced in Japan | A form of Animism |
| Animism | Practiced in Africa | Similar to Shintoism/Spirits in Nature | Traditional African societies |
| Cultural Diffusion | Exchange of ideas between different cultures | Buddhism spreading from India into China and Southeast Asia | Occurs along trade routes-Silk Road |
| Interdependence | Growing trade and dependence among nations | Environmental and ecological concerns | oil and O.P.E.C nations |
| Ancient Athens | Birthplace of Democracy | Questioning spirit and curiosity | Pericles and the Golden age of Athens |
| Ancient Sparta | Early form of a Totalitarian Government | Militaristic spirit | Little culture |
| Republic Rome | Elected leaders | 12 Tables of Law | goodness of justice |
| Imperial Rome (27 CE - 476 CE) | Centralized Gov. - "All roads lead to Rome" | Collapsed in 476 CE - Led to chaos and disorder in Europe | Collapse led to Rise of Feudalism |
| Byzantine Empire (300 CE - 1453 CE) | Justinian's Code/Preservation of Greek and Roman thought | Capital City (Constantinople): important trading center | Eastern Orthodox religion and cultural diffusion with Russia |
| Constantinople | Trading center between Europe and Asia | ISRANBUL | OTTOMANS |
| Justinian Code | Roman Law | Preservation of classical civilization | Byzantine emperor formed it to codify laws |
| Silk Road | Cultural Diffusion | Trade between Asia and Europe | Spread of Buddhism |
| Spread of Islam | Northern Africa | Mohammed and the Jihad | 570 - 800CE |
| The Golden Age of Islam (800 - 1200 CE) | Advances in science and math | Calligraphy | House of wisdom |
| Medieval Europe (500 CE - 1300's CE) | Feudalism/ decentralized political system | Powerful Catholic church/Main goal-salvation (the Hereafter) | Gothic cathedrals-tall spires/Stained glass windows |
| Feudalism | Rigid social class system | need for stability, security and order | Similar to Japanese Feudalism |
| Code of Chivalry | Stresses Honor and Loyalty | Similar to the code of Bushido | Code followed by medieval knights |
| The Crusades (1095 - 1300's) | Positive result or effect - increased trade between Asia and Europe | Original purpose-Reclaim the holy land(Jerusalem) | Negative effect-lasting hatred between Christians and Muslims |
| Japanese Feudalism | Code of Bushido | Rigid social Class system | Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese isolation | Forbade contact with foreigners | ended in 1868 |
| The Central Asian Steppe | Environment of the Mongols | semi-arid and grass land | Nomadic people until Genghis Khan |
| The Mongol Empire (1200's-1400's) | Spread from Asia to Eastern Europe | Tributes and Taxes given to the Khans | Isolated Russia for several Centuries |
| Axum and Kush | Early African trading civilization - Salt and gold | Western Africa | Cultural diffusion: Christianity |
| Ghana, Mali and Songhai | Early African trading civilization - Salt and Gold | Western Africa | Cultural diffusion - Islam from Northern Africa |
| The Black Plague (1348-1351) | Social and economic collapse | Break down of Feudalism | End of the Middle ages |
| The Renaissance (1400 and 1500's) | Humanism and Individualism - questioning spirit | Rebirth of classical civilizations (Greece and Rome) | Secularism |
| Motives For European Exploration (Old Imperialism) "God, Glory and Gold" | Need for a new trade route to Asia after Constantinople falls to the ottomans in 1453 | 1. Desire to find riches & spices 2. Spread Christianity | Curiosity about the world that was simulated by the Renaissance |
| Machiavelli | "Ends justify the means" | Interests of the state and leader are most important | The Prince |
| The Protestant Reformation | Martin Luther | Protests against the catholic church | End of religious unity in Europe |
| Martin Luther (1517) | 95 Theses | Speaking out about the practice of selling indulgences | Germany |
| Counter Reformation/Catholic Reformation | Council of Trent | Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits | Reaffirm Catholic doctrine but reform a little |
| Zheng He | Chinese Exploration (Early 1400's) | Ended because of Confucian beliefs about trade | Chinese isolation after exploration ends |
| Ottoman Empire ("The stick Man of Europe" In 1800's) | Spread out over parts of Eastern Europe and the Middle East | Islamic empire | Suleyman the Lawgiver |
| European Explorers (1500-1600's) | Columbus "Discovers" the Americas | Ferdin and Magellan Circumnavigates the world | Da Gamma and Dias travel around Africa to get to Asia |
| Aztec Empire | Located in Present day Mexico and Central America | Highly advanced and unified under one leader | Taken over by the Spanish and Cortes - Spanish more technologically advanced |
| Inca Empire | Located in present day Peru | Highly advanced | Taken over by the Spanish and Pizarro - Spanish more technologically advanced |
| Neolithic Revolution | Permanent settlement (towns& villages) | Farming | Domestication |
| Earliest Civilizations | Along river valleys/ fertile soil | Nile, Indus, Huang-He, Tigris and Euphrates | Egyptian civilization, Indus civilization, Mesopotamia |
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lbclark1510
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