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Heredity
chapter 5 vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Heredity | The passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
Alleles | An alternate from that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominat or recessive |
Genetics | The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles. |
Hybrid | An offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent. |
Dominant | Describes a trait that covers one, or dominates, another form of that trait. |
Recessive | Describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated by another form of that trait and seems to disapper. |
Punnett Square | A tool to predict the erobability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Phenotype | Outward physical appelaince and behavior of an organism as a result or its genotype. |
Homozygous | Describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait. |
Heterozygous | Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait. |
Incomplete dominance | Production of phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents |
Polygenic inheritance | Occurs when a group of gene pairs act together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height. |
Sex-linked gene | An allele inherited on sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia. |
Genetic engineering | Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene' DNA to medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions. |
Trait | A trait is a characteristic or attribute of an organism that is expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment. |