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Science test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________ are unicellular organism that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles | Prokaryotes |
| Are microscopic Prokaryotes | Bacteria |
| There are two types of Prokaryotes bacteria and _______ | Archaea |
| A typical bacterium consists of DNA and ________ surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall | Cytoplasm |
| Bacterial cytoplasm also contains _______ | Ribosomes |
| Bacterial DNA occurs in one coiled, circular _______ | Chromeosomes |
| A bacterium might also have smaller, circular _______ that are separate from its other DNA | Plasmid |
| Many bacterium have capsules with hairlike structures _______ that help the bacteria stick to surfaces | Pili |
| Bacteria are much ______ than plants or animal cells | Smaller |
| Bacteria generally have one of three shapes sphere-coccus,rod-bacillus, _____-spirillum | Spiral |
| Some bacteria take in food and break it down and obtain _______ | Energy |
| The food can come from dead organisms or ______ hosts | Living |
| Other bacteria make their food using energy from ________ or chemical reactions | Light energy |
| _______ bacteria can survive without oxygen | Anaerobic |
| ______ bacteria need oxygen, as humans do | Aerobic |
| Many bacteria have long whip-like structures called _______ that they use for movement | Flagella |
| Bacteria reproduce asexually by _______ | Fission |
| This type of cell division forms two genetically _______ cells | Identical |
| During _______, two bacteria of the same species attach to each other and combine their genetic material | Conjunction |
| ________ is transferred between bacteria during conjunction | DNA |
| Conjunction result in a new combination of genes and increases genetic ________ | Diversity |
| A(n) _______ forms when a bacterium builds a thick inner wall around its chromosome and part of the cytoplasm | Endospore |
| An endospore convertex a bacterium from the intense heat, cold, or ______ | Drought |
| It can remain _______ for month or even centuries | Dormant |
| Like a bacterium, a(n) _______ has a cell wall but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles | Archaean |
| The ribosomes of archaea most closely resemble the ribosomes of ________ then those of bacteria | Eukaryotes |
| Archaea often live in _______ environment, such as hot springs and Salt Lakes | Extreme |
| Many organisms, including humans, depend on ________ to survive | Bacteria |
| Bacteria living inside the _______ of humans and other animals help digest food, makes vitamin K, and prevent harmful bacteria from growing | Digestion system |
| Bacteria in the rumen of cows break down a substance in Grass called _______ into smaller molecules that the cow can use | Cellulose |
| _______, the breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste is an important process in nature | Decomposition |
| As bacteria and other __________ break down dead organic matter, they release molecules such as carbon and phosphorus into the soil | decomposers |
| _________ is the conversation of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that living things can use | Nitrogen Fixation |
| Bacteria in the root _________ of certain plants carry out nitrogen fixation | Nodules |
| _____________ uses organisms, such as bacteria, to clean up environmental pollution | Bioremediation |
| These organisms break down harmful substances, such as sewage, into less harmful materials that can be used as landfill or _________ | Fertilizers |
| ____________ are used to make foods such as pickles, yogarts, cheeses, buttermilk, vinegar, and soy sauce | Bacteria |
| Some bacteria are called ________-agents that cause disease | Pathogens |
| Some pathogens that normally live in the body casue illness only when the person's __________ system is weakened | Immune |
| Some pathogens can enter the body through a cut, in air, or on _____ | Food |
| After they are inside the body, they can ________ and cause disease | Reproduce |
| Some bacteria make people sick by damaging _________ | Tissue |
| Some bacteria cause illness by releasing ___________ | Toxins |
| ___________ are medicines that stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria | Antibiotics |
| Bacteria can become _________ to antibiotics | Resistant |
| Random __________ to a bacterium's DNA enable it to survive a specific antibiotic | Mutations |
| Only the bacteria with the mutation survive; they ____________ and become more common | Reproduce |
| When bacteria become _________ to an antibiotic, a different antibiotic must be used to fight the disease | Resistant |
| Eating food contaminated by some bacteria can cause _____________ | Food Poisoning |
| ______________ heat food to a temperature that kills most harmful bacteria | Pasteurization |
| A(n) __________ is a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a layer of protein that can infect and replicate in a host cell | Virus |
| A virus does not have a(n) ___________, any other organelles, or a cell membrane | Nucleus |
| Scientists do not consider virus to be __________ because they do not have all the characteristics of a living cell | Alive |
| Viruses must use ___________ to carry on the processes that we usually associate with a living cell | Organisms |
| The living cell that a virus infects in called a(n) _____________ cell | Host |
| After a virus attaches to the host cell, its DNA or ______ enters the host cell | RNA |
| When a virus enters a cell, it can be _________ for years before taking over the cell | Latent |
| After a virus replicates in the host cell, it ___________ the host cell | Destroys |
| Copies of the virus are then released into the host organism, where they can _________ other cells | Infect |
| As viruses replicate, their DNA or RNA frequently ________________ or changes | Mutates |
| A viruses change, they can produce new ways to ___________ to host cell | Attach |
| These changes happen so rapidly that it can be difficult to cure or prevent viral ____________ before the virus mutates again | Disease |
| As bacteria and other _______ break down dead organic matter, they released molecules such as carbon and phosphorus in the soil | Decomposers |
| ______ is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that living things can use | Nitrogen fixation |
| Bacteria in the root ________ of certain plants carry out nitrogen fixation | Nodules |
| _______ uses organisms, such as bacteria, to clean up environmental pollution. | Bioremediation |
| These organisms break down harmful substances, such as sewage, into less harmful material that can be used as landfill or _______ | Fertilizers |
| _______ are used to make foods such as pickles, yogurt, Jesus, buttermilk, vinegar, and soy sauce | Bacteria |
| Some bacteria are called ____ -agents that cause diseases | Pathogens |
| Some pathogens that normally live in the body cause illness only when the person's ______ system | Immune |
| Some pathogens that normally |
Created by:
Robowolf