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A&P Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the two function of the testis. | Produce sperm and the male sex hormones. |
| A common part of any physical examination of the male is palpation of the prostate. How is this accomplished? | Physician inserts finger through anterior wall of the rectum. |
| How might enlargement of the prostate interfere with urination or the reproductive ability of the male? | Layers of tissue surrounding it stops it from expanding causing the gland to press against the urethra. May lead to non passage of urine or sperm./ |
| Why are the testes location in the scrotum rather than inside the ventral body? | Provides a slightly cooler temperature for optimal sperm production. |
| 1. copulatory organ/penetrating device | E. penis |
| 2. muscular passageway conveying sperm to the ejaculatory; in the spermatic cord | B. Vas Deferens |
| 3. transports both sperm and urine | K. spongy urethra |
| 4. sperm maturation site | C. epididymis |
| 5. location of the testis in adult males | I. scrotum |
| 6. loose fold of skin encircling the glans penis | F. prepuce |
| 7. portion of the urethra between the prostate and the penis | H. prostatic urethra |
| 8. empties a secretion into the prostatic urethra | G. prostate |
| 9. empties a secretion into the intermediate part of the urethra | A. bulbo-urethral glands |
| Describe the composition of semen, and name all the structures contributing to its formation. | Sperm and the alkaline secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles (fructose) and the bulbo-urethral glands. |
| Of what importance is the fact that seminal fluid is alkaline? | It helps buffer the sperm against the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract. |
| What structures compose the spermatic cord? Where is it located? | Lymphatic vessels, vas deferens, connective tissue sheath and blood vessels. Passes rom the scrotal sac to the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity. |
| Using the following terms, trace the pathway of sperm from the testes to the urethra: rete testis, epididymis, seminiferous tubule, vas deferens. | Seminiferous tubule -> rete testis -> epididymis -> vas deferens |
| 1. site of fetal development | uterus |
| 2. copulatory canal | vagina |
| 3. egg typically fertilized here | fallopian tube |
| 4. becomes erect during sexual excitement | clitoris |
| 5. duct extending from ovaries to the uterus | uterine tube |
| 6. partially closes the vaginal canal; a membrane | hymen |
| 7. produces oocytes, estrogens and progesterone | ovaries |
| 8. fingerlike ends of the uterine tube | fimbriae |
| Do any sperm enter the pelvic cavity of the female? Why or why not? | Yes, the uterine tube opens to the pelvic cavity. |
| What is an ectopic pregnancy, and how can it happen? | An ectopic pregnancy is implantation of the embryo in a site other than the uterus. Often occurs in a uterine tube, especially if it is partially blocked. |
| Describe the procedure for self-examination of the breasts. | While laying down, place on arm behind your head and with the 3 middle fingers of the other arm palpate the breast in a circular motion, pressing first lightly, then with increasing pressure. Check the entire breast systematically using a vertical pattern |
| The essential organs of reproduction are the _________, which produce the sex cells. | B. gonads |
| The paired oval testis lie in the __________ outside the abdominopelvic cavity, where they are kept slightly cooler than body temperature. | scrotum |
| After sperm are produced, they enter the first part of the duct system, the ____. | C. epididymis |
| The _____________ produce testosterone, the hormonal product of the testis. | interstitial endocrine cells |
| The endocrine products of the ovaries are estrogen and _______. | B. progesterone |
| 1. dyads are visible | C. both mitosis and meiosis |
| 2. tetrads are visible | B. meiosis only |
| 3. product is two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell | A. mitosis only |
| 4. product is four haploid daughter cells quantitatively different from the mother cell | B. meiosis only |
| 5. involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase | C. both mitosis and meiosis |
| 6. occurs throughout the body | A. mitosis only |
| 7. occurs only in the ovaries and testes | B. meiosis only |
| 8. provides cells for growth and repair | A. mitosis only |
| 9. homologues synapse; crossovers are seen | B. meiosis only |
| 10. chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins | C. both mitosis and meiosis |
| 11. provides cells for perpetuation of the species | B. meiosis only |
| 12. consists of two consecutive nuclear divisions, without chromosomal replication occurring before the second division | B. meiosis only |
| Describe the process of synapsis. | The pairing homologus chromosomes (23 tetrads) become attached to spindle fibers and begin to align on the equator. |
| How does crossover introduce variability in the daughter cells? | The homologues seperate from one another, breaking and exchanging parts- where crossovers occur. |
| Define homologous chromosomes. | Egg and sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits ( 1 paternal, 1 maternal). |
| 1. primitive stem cell | spermatogonium |
| 2. haploid | secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm |
| 3. provides nutrients to developing sperm | sustentocyte |
| 4. products of meiosis II | spermatid |
| 5. product of spermigogenesis | sperm |
| 6. product of meiosis I | primary spermatocyte |
| Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes? | They are non-motile and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity. |
| Differentiate between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. | Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which see the maturation of spermatids into mature, mobile spermatozoa. |
| The sequence of events leading to germ cell formation in the female begins during fetal development. By the time the child is born, all viable oogonia have been converted to ______________. In view of this fact, how does the total germ cell potential of | primary oocytes Much smaller, and the total number is predetermined. |
| The female gametes develop in structures called follicles. What is a follicle? | A saclike structure containing follicle cells in one or more layers that enclose a developing gamete. |
| How are primary and vesicular follicles anatomically different? | Primary follicle= primary oocyte; a single layer of cuboidal/columnar follicle cells. Secondary follicle= several layers of cuboidal/columnar cells collectively called the membranous granulosa which secrete follicular fluid. |
| What is a corpus luteum? | It is what's left of the follicle after a woman ovulates. Produces progesterone. |
| What is the major hormone produced by the vesicular follicle? By the corpus luteum? | Estrogen Progesterone |
| The cellular product of spermatogenesis is four _________ ; the final product of oogenesis is one ____________ and three ____________. What is the function of this unequal cytoplasmic division seen during oogenesis in the female? | spermatids, ovum, polar bodies To provide the ovum or functional gamete with adequate nutritional reserves so that it can survive it's journey to the uterus. |
| What is the fate of three tiny cells produced during oogenesis? | They will deteriorate, they lack sustaining cytoplasm with nutrient reserves. |
| What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycles? | endometrium |
| When during the female menstrual cycle would fertilization be unlikely? | Anytime but the 3 day interval (days 14-16). |
| Human gametes contain _________ chromosomes. | B. 23 |
| The end product of meiosis is | D. four haploid daughter cells |
| A grouping of four chromatids, known as a ___________, occurs only during ______. | tetrad, meiosis |
| __________ extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment to the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm. | C. sustentocytes |
| The ______ of the sperm contains enzymes involved in the penetration of the egg. | acrosome |
| Within each ovary, the immature ovum develops in a saclike structure called a ______. | follicle |
| As the primordial follicle grows and its epithelium changes from squamous to cuboidal cells, it becomes a(n) ________ and begins to produce estrogens. | C. primary follice |
Created by:
meglittle