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Genetics
Unit study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors that control traits | genes |
| An organism that has two different alleles for a trait | hybrid |
| What does TT mean in genetics? | two dominant alleles |
| What does Tt mean in genetics? | one dominant and one recessive allele |
| Probability | a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from two hybrid tall pea plants? | 25% |
| What does a Punnett square show? | all possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur? | 100% |
| An organism's physical appearance | phenotype |
| Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes | chromosome theory of inheritance |
| If an organism has 12 chromosomes in its sex cells, how many chromosomes will it have in its body cells? | 24 |
| Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells | meiosis |
| When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute | half the number of chromosomes in body cells |
| The genetic code is determined by | the order of nitrogen bases along a gene |
| The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene determines the order in which | amino acids are put together to form a protein |
| What copies the coded message from DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm? | messenger RNA |
| What carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein? | transfer RNA |
| Any change in a gene or chromosome | mutation |
| A mutation is harmful to an organism if it | reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction |
| Physical characteristics that are studied in genetics | traits |
| Different forms of a gene | alleles |
| Where does protein synthesis take place? | on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell |
| An organism's genotype is its | genetic makeup |
| An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called | homozygous |
| A heterozygous organism has | two different alleles for a trait |
| Chromosomes are made up of | many genes joined together |
| What is an example of a trait controlled by a gene with multiple alleles? | blood type |
| three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait | multiple alleles |
| What factors can affect a person's height? | genes and environmental factors |
| Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a human male? | XY |
| Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than in females? | A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male |
| Genetic disorders are caused by | DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes |
| Cloning results in two organisms that are | genetically identical |
| Sex-linked genes are genes on | the X and Y chromosomes |
| A carrier is a person who has | one recessive and one dominant trait |
| Many chracteristics are affected by interactions between genes and | the environment |
| An organism that is the offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait | purebred |
| Whenever this kind of allele is present, its trait will appear in the organism | dominant |
| In pea plants, the tall-stem allele and the short-stem allele are different forms of the same | gene |
| The genetic code is found in the order of nitrogen _____________ along a gene | bases |
| If D represents the dominant allele of a gene, then ______ represents the recessive allele. | d |
| Mendel used the principles of ____________________ to predict what percent of offspring would show a particular trait | probability |
| If each of 10 events is equally likely to occur, what is the probability of each individual event? | 50% |
| A chart used to predict results of genetic crosses | Punnett square |
| What percent of offspring will be Tt in a cross between two hybrid Tt pea plants? | 50% |
| An organism that has two dominant or two recessive alleles is said to be | homozygous |
| Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as | codominance |
| Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on | chromosomes |
| The process in which a parent cell divides twice to produce sex cells | meiosis |
| If all the sex cells of an organism have the T allele, the genotype of that organism must be | TT |
| In a protein, a set of three bases codes for one specific | amino acid |
| What kind of RNA adds amino acids to a growing protein? | transfer |
| A section of DNA has the base sequence TGAG. The corresponding section of a messenger RNA molecule will have the base sequence | ACTC |
| The substitution of one base for another during DNA replication is an example of | mutation |
| When many genes control a trait, the trait will show a large number of | phenotypes |
| What can change the effects of a person's genes? | environment |
| An egg that is fertilized by a sperm with this chromosome will develop into a female | X |
| A carrier has only one of these kind of alleles for a trait | recessive |
| All of the DNA in one cell of an organism is called | genome |
| A gene is said to have multiple alleles if it has more than how many? | two |
Created by:
lengland