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AICP Research

Methods & Techniques

DefinitionTerm
Group to generalize to Population
Subset of the population. Sample
the fact researcher is interested in explaining Dependant Variable
variable used to explain the one dependent or causally prior to dependent variable. Independent Variable
When experimenter can intentionally create variation in independent variable (ie. amount of funding) Manipulation
Rival explanations for behavior of dependent variable. Confounding Variable
units observations are made (regions, municipalities, etc) Subjects
Set of data with which treatment group is compared. Control
Subjects have equal chance of being assigned to treatment group or control group-purely by chance. Randomization
Program rather than other factor caused results. Internal Validity
Can the effect be expected under similar conditions in other settings. External Validity
Convenience sampling-those accessible; volunteer sampling - volunteers-OK for descriptive results, may be bias, not representative of population non-probability sampling
Individual has equal chance of being selected for sample Simple random (probability sampling)
every Xth individual selected form list, starting randomly chosen point Systematic (probability sampling)
Population may have 2 or more groups in study-provides best results; ensures even coverage of population; maintains random selection probabilities. Stratified (probability sampling)
Used when stratified or simple random sampling would be difficult and/or expensive. Cluster (probability sampling)
As ______increases, standard error decreases Sample size
Created by: Sandy1101
 

 



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