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Chapter 6
CJ Study guide
Question | Answer |
---|---|
How do police officers learn which actions might violate laws that protect individual rights? | c. They receive information at the police academy and subsequent updates from city and state attorneys. |
Which constitutional amendment prevents police officers from conducting "unreasonable searches and seizures"? | c. Second Amendment |
Why is it not considered a search when police officers notice and use evidence under the "plain view doctrine"? | a. People lack any reasonable expectation of privacy for items in plain view. |
What is a major difference between a stop and a seizure? | d. Seizures typically involve greater deprivation of liberty than stops. |
To be allowed under the Fourth Amendment, a stop must be justified by ________. | d. reasonable suspicion |
Which landmark Supreme Court case first restricted the police use of deadly force against a fleeing felon? | b. Tennessee v. Garner |
What would be the likely consequence of a police officer's refusal to swear or affirm the statements made in support of getting a warrant? | a. The warrant would be denied because an "oath or affirmation" is a prerequisite for securing a warrant. |
Which of the following statements about probable cause is accurate? | d. Probable cause is a flexible concept involving the totality of the circumstances. |
In the case Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, which Supreme Court justice argued that the president had the authority to detain Americans indefinitely without providing any Fourth Amendment rights, access to courts, or evidence of wrongdoing? | b. Clarence Thomas |
Which of the following is not a typical example of a constitutionally permitted warrantless search? | b. House searches without consent |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about permissible vehicular checkpoints? | d. Vehicular checkpoints must be narrowly focused on a specific objective. |
In addition to the reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior, another key component of a stop-and-frisk search is the belief that ________. | a. the suspect may be armed and dangerous |
Which of the following cases barred a warrantless search of an automobile incident to a lawful arrest? | c. Arizona v. Gant |
Which of the following would be an example of "exigent circumstances"? | c. Police see through an open window that a man is pointing a gun at his son in an apartment. |
What two conditions must be established for a court to determine that a permissible consent search has occurred? | b. Consent must be voluntary and given by someone who has the authority to give it, though an officer's reasonable belief as to that authority will suffice. |
Which of the following movies illustrates the dangers of police officers using physical coercion to produce confessions from innocent suspects? | a. In the Name of the Father |
The Miranda warnings link which two key constitutional concepts? | c. The Fifth Amendment's right against self-incrimination and the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel |
Why do Miranda warnings apply only to so-called "custodial interrogations"? | d. The Supreme Court believes that people know they have the right to walk away when interrogated in noncustodial settings. |
The "public safety" exception to reading a suspect his or her Miranda rights is analogous to which justification for warrantless searches? | c. Exigent circumstances |
Which of the following groups is most likely to believe that torture is often justified to gain information from terrorism suspects? | a. College graduates |
What is the leading cause of erroneous convictions? | c. Misidentification by witnesses and victims |
Which Supreme Court case established the exclusionary rule? | d. Weeks v. United States |
Which of the following is not a reason the Supreme Court has given in support of the exclusionary rule? | a. It never allows a guilty person to go free. |
Whose "good faith" is evaluated in the application of the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule? | d. A police officer's |
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the current status of the exclusionary rule in the Supreme Court? | c. An established doctrine with an uncertain future |