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What is cartilage and what does it consist of?
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What are the main cells in cartilage?
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Cartilage
Phase 1 week 5 PBL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cartilage and what does it consist of? | Cartilage is a CONNECTIVE TISSUE consisting of a dense matrix of collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in a rubbery ground substance. Is strong and flexible. |
| What are the main cells in cartilage? | Main cells in cartilage are chondrocytes |
| What are chondrocytes and what do they do? | Chondrocytes = mesenchymal stem cells - they synthesise and maintain EM |
| What does cartilage do at joints? | It cushions bones at joints |
| What happens to cartilage with maturation? | In most species it is converted largely to bone with maturation |
| What does cartilage form most of with regards to the embryo? | Forms most of the TEMPORARY SKELETON of the embryo. • During the embryonic development of most vertebrates, the skeleton forms as cartilage before most of it hardens to bone |
| List the three different types of cartilage and give where they are found | 1. Hyaline/articular (most abundant) cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage (meniscus/pubic ramus) 3. Elastic cartilage - found in nose/ear |
| Why does cartilage heal very slowly? | Cartilage is NOT INNERVATED (supplied with nerves) and therefore relies on diffusion to obtain nutrients. This causes it to heal VERY SLOWLY. |
| Give two differences between cartilage and bone | . Cartilage differs from bone in that it is AVASCULAR and its microarchitecture is less organised than bone. Cartilage is NOT INNERVATED (supplied with nerves) and therefore relies on diffusion to obtain nutrients. This causes it to heal VERY SLOWLY. |
| What is the matrix in cartilage produced by and what happens to them? | The matrix is produced by cells called chondroblasts, which become embedded in the matrix as chondrocytes |
| What do you call mature cartilage cells? | MATURE CARTILAGE CELLS = CHONDROCYTES |
| Where do chondrocytes occur? | They occur, either singly or in groups, within spaces called LACUNAE (singular, lacuna) in the matrix |
| What is the surface of most of the cartilage in the body surrounded by? | The surface of most of the cartilage in the body is surrounded by a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue called PERICHONDRIUM |
| Where is the only place in cartilage that contains blood vessels and nerves? | Unlike other connective tissues, cartilage contains NO BLOOD VESSELS OR NERVES - EXCEPT in the perichondrium |
| Give 3 features of hyaline/articular cartilage | • Few visible collagen fibres (in light microscope) • Avascular • Has perichondrium, except for articular cartilage |
| What does hyaline cartilage cover and where especially? | It covers the surface of bones at joints - especially in areas where damage due to wear may lead to osteoarthritis, e.g. the ends of long bones and also the anterior ends of the ribs |
| What is the most abundant type of cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage |
| What is the matrix of hyaline cartilage mostly made up of? | Hyaline cartilage matrix is mostly made up of TYPE II COLLAGEN and chondroitin sulphate, both of which are also found in elastic cartilage |
| Why is hyaline cartilage good for covering bones at joints? | Hyaline cartilage tissue provides SMOOTH SURFACES, enabling tissues to move/slide easily over each other, e.g. facilitating smooth movements at joints. It also provides flexibility and support |
| What is fibrocartilage? | Fibrocartilage is a tough form of cartilage that consists of chondrocytes scattered among clearly visible dense bundles of collagen fibres within the matrix |
| What does fibrocartilage lack? | A perichondrium |
| Give 3 properties of fibrocartilage | • Avascular • Abundant collagen fibres • Chondrocytes aligned |
| What is special about fibrocartilage? | It's the only type of cartilage that contains Type I collagen in addition to the normal Type II collagen |
| Give three places where fibrocartilage tissue is found | Intervertebral discs, Menisci, Pubic symphysis |
| What is the strongest type of cartilage? | Fibrocartilage |
| Give three places where elastic cartilage is found | 1. Auditory (Eustachian) Tubes 2. External Ear (Auricle) 3. Epiglottis (the lid on the top of the larynx) |
| What is the function of elastic cartilage? | Function is to provide support and maintain shape |
| Does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium? | Yes, and hyaline cartilage - it is just fibrocartilage that doesn't have a perichondrium |
| What colour is elastic cartilage/ Where are the chondrocytes located in elastic cartilage? | In elastic cartilage, which is yellowish in colour, the cartilage cells (chondrocytes) are located in a threadlike network of elastic fibres within the matrix of the cartilage |
| What do the elastic fibres in elastic cartilage look like under the microscope? What lies between the fibres in elastic cartilage? | The fibres form bundles that appear dark under a microscope. Chondrocytes lie between the fibres |
| What is the principal protein in elastic cartilage? | Elastin is the principal protein in elastic cartilage |
| What is elastin? Where is it abundant? | It's a STRUCTURAL PROTEIN arranged as fibres -Abundant in skin, lung and blood vessels - stretch and elastic recoil -Assembly into functional fibres requires the presence of a structural glycoprotein - FIBRILLIN |
Created by:
Aimee76