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Domestic Policy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Domestic Policy | Administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation's borders. |
| LBJ's "War on Crime" | Three-stage strategy against crime: the efforts of local, state, and federal governments. Legislation to create Office of Law Enforcement Administration, providing grants to police for experimental programs, research projects, training, and equipment |
| Gun Control | The set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians. |
| Federal spending on crime initiatives (officers,prisons) | The budget provides $28.2 billion to prioritize key areas of federal law enforcement |
| Harsher Punishments (federal crimes) | deterrence, incapacitate, rehabilitation, and just deserts. |
| Three Strikes Law | increases the prison sentences of persons convicted of a felony who have been previously convicted of two or more violent crimes and limits the ability of these offenders to receive a punishment other than a life sentence. |
| "War on Drugs" | a set of drug policies that are intended to discourage the production, distribution, and consumption of drugs. |
| Brown v. Board | was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. |
| State Government's role | State government exercises direct oversight over most aspects of education at all levels. They perform the political, administrative, and fiscal functions that are often the work of ministries of education in countries with centralized education systems |
| Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) | Aid to schools while basing the aid given on students' economic conditions, rather than the schools themselves. It was meant to improve the education of poor people and was the first federal program to fund education. Part of LBJ's War on Poverty |
| Department of Education | A department of the federal executive branch responsible for providing federal aid to educational institutions and financial aid to students, keeping national educational records, and conducting some educational research. |
| School Vouchers | a government-funded voucher redeemable for tuition fees at a school other than the public school that a student could attend free. |
| No Child Left Behind | Authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math grades 3-12. |
| Renewable Resources | Different types of renewable energy include water, wind, sun, geothermal sources, hydrogen and biomass. Wind power is the nation's fastest growing source of energy (provides 1% of America's energy). |
| Global Warming | The increase in the Earth's temperatures that, according to most scientist, is occurring as a result of CO2 being produced from the burning of fossil fuels collecting in the atmosphere. |
| Toxic Waste Disposal (Superfund) | A fund created to clean up toxic waste sites. |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | The largest federal independent regulatory agency created in 1970 to administer much of America's environmental protection policies. |
| Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) | A detailing of a proposed policy's environmental effects, which agencies are required to file with the EPA every time they propose to undertake a policy that might be disruptive to the environment. |
| Clean Air Act (1790) | Law aimed at combating air pollution by charging the EPA with protecting and improving the quality of the nation's air. |
| Water Pollution Control Act (1972) | A law intended to clean up the nation's rivers and lakes by enabling regulation of point sources of pollution. |
| Endangered Species Act (1973) | Law requiring the federal government to protect all species listed as endangered regardless of economic consequences. |
| Medicare | Passed in 1965, a program added to the Social Security system to provide hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other medical expenses. |
| Medicaid | Public assistance program designed to provide health care for poor Americans and funded by the states and national government. |
| Veterans' Administration (VA) | An independent government agency founded in 1930 providing patient care, veterans' benefits, and other services to veterans of the U.S. armed forces and their families. |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | The federal agency formed in 1913, with broad regulatiory powers over the manufacturing, contents, marketing, and labeling of foods and drugs sold in the United States. |
| Clinton's Health Care Proposals | Also known as the Health Care Security Act (1993) concerned with providing health care coverage to all Americans. Provisions include health insurance, regional alliances for competition with health insurance, consumer choice of health plans.. |
| Obama-care | Affordable Care Act. Main focus is on providing more Americans with access to affordable health insurance, improving the quality of health care and health insurance, regulating the health insurance industry, and reducing health care spending in the US. |
| Social Welfare Origins (New Deal) | FDR's precursor to modern welfare: programs to combat economic depression-number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate economy; increased power of state and state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life. |
| Social Security Act | Created in 1935 by the Social Security program and national assistance program for poor families, usually called Aid to Families with Dependent Children. |
| LBJ's Great Society | President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. |
| Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) | A program administered and funded by Federal and State goverments to provide financial assistance to needy families. In an average State, more than half (55 percent) of the total cost of AFDC payments are funded by the Federal goverment. |
| Temporary Assistant for Needy Families (TANF) | Replacing Aid to Families with Dependent Children as th eprogram for public assistance to needy families, TANF requires people on welfare to find work within two years and sets a lifetime maximum of 5 years. |
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