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Ostrander: Earth
Rocks and weathering chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | The geologic principal that the same process that operate today operated in the past to shape Earth's surface. |
| Erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock or soil. |
| Weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances. |
| Mechanical Weathering | The type of weathering where rock is physically broken into pieces |
| Chemical Weathering | The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. |
| Abrasion | The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by wind, water, or ice |
| Frost wedging | Process that splits rock apart when water seeps into cracks and then freezes and expands |
| oxidation | A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes causing rust. |
| permeable | Characteristic of a material that allows water to go through it. |
| Soil | The loose weathered material on Earth's surface |
| Bedrock | Rock that makes up the Earth's crust also the solid layer of rock under the soil |
| Humus | Dark colored organic material in soil |
| Fertility | A measure of how well soil supports plant growth |
| Loam | Rich fertile soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, silt and sand |
| PH Scale | A range of how acidic or basic something is |
| Soil Horizon | A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from above or below it. |
| Topsoil | The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus |
| Subsoil | The layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals |
| Decomposer | An organism that gets energy from breaking down waste and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil. |
| Natural Resource | Anything occurring naturally in the environment that people use. |
| Soil Conservation | The management of soil to limit its destruction |
| Crop Rotation | The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain soil fertility. |
| Contour Plowing | Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss. |
| Conservation plowing | Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground. |
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bostrander
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