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Anatomy Knee
The Knee "Greathouse"
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which femoral condyle is longer? | medial |
| Which joint in the knee has the thickest articular cartilage in the body? | patellofemoral |
| What position has the most stability and is generally avoided during joint testing? | closed-packed position |
| What position results in less stability, is the best joint to test the ligaments of a joint, and decreases congruency? | loose-packed position(same as open-packed...I think) |
| What is the largest joint in the body? | the knee |
| Which ligament in the knee attaches anteriorly on the tibia and proceeds to the medial portion of the lateral femoral condyle. | ACL |
| Which ligament is the major stabilizer of the knee? | PCL |
| Which ligament limits the anterior translation of the tibia on the femur? | ACL |
| Which ligament attaches posteriorly on the tibia and proceeds to the lateral portion of the medial femoral condyle? | PCL |
| Which ligament limits posterior translation of the tibia on the femur? | PCL |
| This ligament is actually part of the IT band and its fibers extend from the linea aspera of the femoral condyle to gerdy's tubercle. | the anterolateral femorotibial ligament |
| The deep portions of this ligament provide passive stabilization of the knee joint and tightens with knee flexion. | the anterolateral femorotibial ligament |
| A fibrocartilagenous structure anchored by anterior and posterior horns to the intercondyler eminence is called what? | Meniscus |
| This meniscus is less mobile, attached to the MCL, and c-shaped | Medial meniscus |
| This meniscus is more mobile and circular shaped. | Lateral Meniscus |
| What are the functions of the menisci?(3) | increase congruence, shock absorption, and spreads synovial fluid |
| Anatomic studies have shown that the degree of penetration of vascularization is __-__% of the width of the medial meniscus and __-__% of the width of the lateral meniscus. | 10-30%, 10-25% |
| T or F. There are no neural elements within the meniscal tissue. | False. nerve fibers have been detected in the peripheral body, and the anterior and posterior horns are the most richly innervated. |
| What type of motion can cause a meniscal tear? | non-physiologic combo of rotation and forced flexion or extension |
| IS there pain associated with a meniscal tear? Why/ | yes, menisci are penetrated by nerves |
| What part of the menisci are vascular? | mainly the periphery |
| Is there typically bleeding with a meniscal tear? How does this affect healing? | no, little healing due to lack of blood |
| How do you diagnose OA in the clinic?(three things) | history, physical, and radiological exam |
| What are the functions of the patellofemoral joint?(4 things) | 1. facilitates extension of the knee, 2.Decreases friction of the quadriceps mechanism, 3.acts as a guide for the quads, 4.protects the trochlea and femoral condyles |
| The patellofemoral joint increases the torque by as much as __%. | 50% |
| The ______ part of the patella is articular and accounts for 75% of the height. | superior |
| What is the largest facet on the patella?(medial or lateral) | lateal |
| What are the two sections of the medial portion of the patella? | medial and odd facets |
| Is the inferior part of the patella articular? | no |
| The odd facet of the patella is engaged at approximately ___ degrees. | 135 |
| What muscle "unlocks" the knee? | popliteus |
| What kinetic chain is used to protect ligaments like the cruciates in early rehabilitation? | closed kinetic chain |
| What kinetic chain involves both ends being fixed? | closed kinetic chain |
| What kinetic chain involves the feet being free to move? | open kinetic chain |
| Which kinetic chain results in much greater shear forces of the tibia on the femur? | open kinetic chain |
| ___ side of the femur sits on the tibia like a wheel on a plate, while the ___side sits like a wheel on a dome. | medial; lateral |
| For the screw home mechanism of the knee, the tibia ___ with ext and ___ with flex. | ER; IR |
| Which side of the femur reaches closed pack position first with extension? | lateral |
| What is the order of the mm's attaching to the pes anserine?(from most to least superficial) | Sartorious, Gracilis, Semitendinosus |
| What position (open or closed-packed) is more commonly used for ligamentous assessment? | Open-packed |
| What should always be assessed with disarticulated knee? | Distal blood supply (dorsal pedis, post tib pulse) and sensation |
| Is the joint capsule a closed sleeve (in other words is it closed off from other tendons and joints crossing through it)? | No, openings for the popliteus tendon and quadriceps tendon |
| Name 4 structures within the knee that are intracapsular, but extrasynovial. | ACL, PCL, popliteus mm, infrapatellar fat pad |
| What would one expect with menisectomy..years down the road? | Almost always have DJD +10 years post-op. |
| Name the bursa of the patella | suprapatellar, subcutaneous prepatellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar |
| knee AROM? | 0-135 degrees |
| What are the lateral forces of the patellofemoral jt? | q angle, lateral retinaculum, screw-home mechanism |
| What are the medial forces of the patellofemoral jt? | lateral trochlea, resistance of the medial reinaculum, perpendicular resultant forces due to quad pull, vastus medialis mm |
| What branches from the femoral artery medially just before the adductor hiatus? | Descending genicular artery which branches into the Saphenous branch(medially) and articular branch (laterally) |
| Name the branches from the popliteal artery that form around the knee. | medial superior genicular, lateral superior genicular, medial inferior genicular, lateral inferior genicular, unpaired middle genicular branch |
| What supplies blood to the intercondylar notch and cruciate ligs? | unpaired middle genicular branch |
| What is Hilton's law? | nerves that innervate jts are the same for the muscles of the jt and skin of the jt |
| Name the muscles that border the popliteal fossa. | biceps femoris, semimembranosus, gastrocs (med and lat head) |
| Name the contents of the popliteal fossa. | sciatic nerve (c. fib and tibial branches0, sural nerve, small saphenous v., post cutaneous n to thigh |
| What nerve is the chief supplier to the flexors of the knee? | tibial |
| what makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa? | the oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus, popliteal surface of femur |
| Is the joint capsule of the knee a completely closed sleeve? | no |
| There are openings in the knee joint capsule for what two things? | popliteus tendon, and quadriceps tendon |
| What lines the capsule and and covers all the intraarticular structures except the menisci? | the synovial membrane |
| What three things are considered intracapsular but extrasynovial? | cruciate ligaments, popliteus muscle, and infrapatellar fat pad. |
| What is the ligament of humphrey? | the anterior meniscofemoral ligament |
| What is the ligament of wrisberg? | posterior meniscofemoral ligament |
| What ligaments are portions of the capsule that attach to the medial and lateral mensicus? | coronary ligaments |
Created by:
txst sum 2009
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