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PTA Cardio/Pulm Test
PT testing for cardio-pulmonary conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angina Pain Scale | 1 - mild, barely noticeable 2- Moderate. bothersome 3- Moderately severe, very uncomfortable 4 - Most severe pain ever |
| Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) - description | AKA ankle-arm index; compares systolic BP of ankle and arm to check for peripheral artery disease; divide higher of ankle measurements by higher of arm measurements |
| ABI - Scale | 1.3+ - calls for further testing, rigid arteries 1-1.3 normal 0.8-0.99 - mild blockage, begining PAD 0.4-0.79 - moderate blockage, claudication with exercise <0.4 - Severe; claudication at rest |
| Arterial BP - procedure | -Use a pneumatic cuff and a sphygmomanometer -Use appropriate size cuff, when in doubt go bigger -Using brachial artery to measure BP -Deflate about 2-3mm Hg/sec -Listen for Korotkoff sounds |
| Arterial BP - Korotkoff Sounds | Phase I - first sound, systolic BP # Phase II - softer and longer Phase III - crisper and louder Phase IV - muffled and softer Phase V - sounds disappear, Diastolic BP # at last audible sound |
| Auscultation of Heart Sounds - Description | -Listening to intensity and quality of heart sounds through chest -Press bell of stethoscope against bare skin with enough pressure to create a seal |
| Auscultation of Heart Sounds - Locations | Aortic area - 2nd intercostal space, R sternal border Pulmonic Area - 2nd intercostal space L sternal border Mitral Area - 5th intercostal space, medial to L mid-clavicular line Tricuspid Area - 4th intercostal space, L sternal border |
| Auscultation of Heart Sound - 1st and 2nd Heart Sounds | S1 - lub - closure of mitral/tricuspid (atrioventricular) valves, ventricular systole S2 - dub - closure of aortic/pulmonic (semilunar) valves, ventricular diastole |
| Auscultation of Heart Sounds - 3rd and 4th Heart Sounds | S3 - Vibrations of distended ventricles, filling/diastole; children = normal, "physiologic 3rd HS"; adults = heart failure," ventricular gallop" S4 - Vibration of ventricular wall during atrial contraction; "atrial gallop"; sign of HTN, stenosis, MI |
| Heart Murmurs | Vibrations longer than heart sounds; disruption in blood flow due to stenosis or regurgitate valve; soft, blowing or swishing sound |
| Auscultation of Lung Sounds - Procedure | -Make firm contact of stethoscope bell to bare skin -Start at apices and work downward symmetrically -Pt breaths in and out through mouth a little deeper than normal -Listen to at least 1 cycle of in/exhale at each pulmonary segment |
| Auscultation of Lung Sounds - Listening to Sounds | - Compare intensity, pitch and quality from 1 side to the other - Identify breath sounds as vesicular (thorax), broncho-vesicular, bronchial (trachea) or absent -Note adventitious (extra) sounds |
| Auscultation of Lung Sounds - Normal Sounds | - Tracheal/Bronchial: loud, tubular; inhale shorter than exhale, has a pause between NOTE: distal bronchial sounds = abnormal; compression of lungs -Vesicular: high pitched, breezy; usually distal; inhale longer than exhale, with no pause |
| Auscultation of Lung Sounds - Abnormal Sounds | Heard outside of normal location or phase of respiration |
| Crackle/Rales - Abnormal Lung Sound | Discontinuous, high pitched popping; more often with inhalation; Associated with restricted or COPD |
| Pleural Friction Rub - Abnormal Lung Sound | Dry, crackling; during inspiration and expiration |
| Rhonchi - Abnormal Lung Sound | Continuous low pitched sounds; snoring or gurgling quality; during inspiration and expiration |
| Stridor - Abnormal Lung Sound | Continuous, high pitched, wheeze; inspiration or expiration |
| Wheeze - Abnormal Lung Sound | Continuous, musical or whistling sound, variety of pitches; inspiration and expiration; very variable |
| BMI | Weight divided by height; 18.5-24.9 - normal |
| Capillary Refill Time | Time capillary bed refills after occlusion; indicator of perfusion in extremities; firm pressure to nail or skin until blanches, release, observe time of refill -Normal - full color in <2 sec - Abnormal - >2 sec; blood flow is compromised |
| Dyspnea Scales | Uncomfortable awareness of breathing resulting from decreased O2, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, anxiety; many scales -Borg: 0 - no breathlessness to 10 - maximal |
| ECG Waves - P Wave | Atrial Depolarization; first small bump |
| ECG Waves - PR Interval | Time for atrial depolarization, conduction from SA to AV node; from beginning of first bump to beginning of first dip |
Created by:
ashleighobrien
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