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Genetics
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Term | Definition |
---|---|
heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
allele | the different forms a gene may have for a trait |
genetics | the study of how traits are inherited |
dominant | form of a trait that appears to mask another form of the same trait |
recessive | form of a trait that seems to disappear in a population, but can reappear |
Punnett square | tool used to predict results in Mendelian genetics |
genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
homozygous | organism with two identical alleles for a trait |
heterozygous | organism with two different alleles for a trait |
phenotype | physical trait that shows as a result of a particular genotype |
incomplete dominance | production of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of the two homozygous parents |
Gregor Mendel | Austrian monk father of genetics |
sex-linked gene | an allele inherited on a sex chromosome |
genetic engineering | methods for changing the DNA sequence that makes up a gene |
probability | branch of mathematics that helps you predict the chance that something will happen |
pedigree | tool for tracing the occurrence of a trait in a family |
gene | a unit of genetic material that determines a trait(located on chromosomes-specific areas on a chromosome |
meiosis | cell division that happens in sex cells only. produces gametes have one set of unpaired chromosomes |
mitosis | body cell division |
mutation | a change in DNA or chromosomes. |
zygote | sex cells that have been fertilized resulting in a cell with a full set of chromosomes(a diploid cellformed by union of sperm and egg) |
Homozygous recessive | eg., aa |
Homozygous dominant | eg., AA |
Heterozygous dominant | eg., Aa |
trait | Characteristic that is inherited. |
Chargaff's Law | A-T and C-G |