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RBC Morphology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Under what magnification are microfilariae, phagocytized organisms, atypical cells, and platelet clumping first assessed under? | Low magnification (10x or 20x) |
| Under what magnification is RBC morphology, WBC morphology, and Platelet morphology assessed? | Oil-immersion (100x) |
| Erythrocytes that are stacked as if in a row like coins is called what? | rouleaux |
| In what species is rouleaux normally found? | feline and equine |
| The irregular clumping of RBC's is called what? | agglutination |
| What kind of anemia frequently has agglutination of the erythrocytes? | IMHA (Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia) |
| What does metarubricytosis mean? | increased nucleated RBC's in blood |
| When an animal is first diagnosed with an anemia the first thing that needs to be decided is what? | Is it regenerative or non-regenerative? |
| What is the normal measurement of a canine RBC? | 7 microns |
| What distinguishes a canine RBC from a feline RBC? | central pallor is more pronounced in canine and canine are larger |
| Where should RBC morphology be looked at on a blood film? | monolayer |
| Abnormal RBC shapes is called what? | poikilocytosis |
| Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria can be found in what area of a blood film usually? | feathered edge |
| If RBCs have a pale color and the central pallor is enlarged what would that be called? | hypochromic RBC |
| If the MCV is increased what could be causing this increase? | macrocytosis due to a regenerative anemia |
| Acanthocytes are usually seen in dogs with spleen or liver disorders. What do acanthocytes look like? | RBC with irregular unevenly spaced projections |
| What is another name for codocyte? | target cell, mexican hat cell |
| Codocytes are common in what type of anemia? | regenerative |
| What is the reason for the RBC to form a"target"? | Because there is more RBC membrane than Hgb inside so it forms a bulge in the center of the cell. |
| A dacryocyte is shaped how? | tear drop |
| If the dacryocytes are all pointing in the same direction is this a pathological problem or an artifact and why? | artifact due to smear preparation |
| What is the difference in appearance between echinocytes and acanthocytes? | echinocytes have equally spaced projections and acanthocytes are irregularly spaced |
| If a dog is bitten by a rattlesnake what RBC morphology could be seen? | echinocytes |
| Crenation is also called what? | artifactual echinocytosis |
| What causes crenation? | not drying blood film fast enough and exposure to EDTA |
| Elliptocytes are normally found in what species? | camelids, avians, reptiles, and amphibians |
| Schistocytes are formed due to what? | Fibrin strands in vessels that traumatize the RBCs as they flow through |
| Schistocytes are commonly seen in what disease situation? | DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
| The word part kerato means what? | horn |
| A keratocyte looks like a RBC with what? | horns |
| A RBC that contains the same volume of Hgb but appears on blood smear to be small and have no central pallor and are commonly seen in IMHA is called what? | spherocyte |
| A RBC that has a mouth like central pallor is called what? | stomatocyte |
| What can cause stomatocytes? | hereditary defect in some breeds or as an artifact |
| Another name for punched out cell is what? | Torocyte |
| What do we as technicians have to differentiate when we see a torocyte to be sure it isn't this? | hypochromic cells |
| Deer breeds are known to have this shape of RBC. | drepanocytes (sickle-shaped) |
| Describe what a polychromatic RBC would look like. | larger than normal, bluish |
| Polychromasia is a sign of what type of anemia? | regenerative |
| If there is not any polychromasia, no nRBC's, no anisocytosis and the dog has a PCV of 18%; is this regenerative or non-regenerative anemia? | non-regenerative |
| What stain is used to stain for reticulocytes? | New Methylene Blue |
| If polychromatophils are seen in a blood film what should be the next step to perform with the blood sample to see if the anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative? | reticulocyte stain with New Methylene Blue |
| Which type of reticulocyte do we count in cats when performing a reticulocyte count? | aggregate |
| What are the two types of reticulocytes seen in cats? | punctate and aggregate |
| When staining with NMB stain for reticulocytes what is it that the stain is adhering to for us to be able to see the reticulocytes? | RNA |
| When you see reticulocytes in numbers greater than 60,000 microliters in cats is that a good sign or bad sign? | good |
| When you see reticulocytes in numbers greater than 80,000 microliters in dogs is that a good sign or bad sign? | good |
| Would it be necessary to perform a NMB stain on an equine blood film to assess anemia? | No. They normally are not present in the equine blood. |
| When a ruminant has a regenerative anemia these inclusions may be seen on the erythrocyte. | basophilic stippling |
| If a dog is poisoned with lead these inclusion bodies may be seen on the RBC. | basophilic stippling |
| This inclusion body protrudes from the surface of the erythrocyte and can appear as slightly pale when using Wright's stain. | Heinz bodies |
| Heinz bodies can be seen as pale blue, protruding, rounded structures when NMB stain is used to stain the blood film. True or False | True |
| What are Heinz bodies composed of? | denatured Hgb caused by oxidative damage |
| What species can Heinz bodies be normally found? | felines |
| This inclusion is a nuclear remnant found on the surface of the RBC. | Howell-Jolly body |
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