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Geoscience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is NOT a possible source of Earth's magnetic field? | Magnetosphere |
| Which of the following is NOT an important energy source for Earth systems? | Nitrogen |
| Energy is transferred between systems, but it cannot be created or destroyed, according to the | First Law of Thermodynamics |
| Plants capture and transfer solar energy in a process called | photosynthesis |
| The largest ecosystem on Earth is the | biosphere |
| In general, how do ecosystems react to change? | They restore balance. |
| Which of the following is NOT one of three factors that control the balance of an ecosystem? | solar energy |
| Which of the following is NOT involved in the movement of matter and energy between reservoirs? | Earth cycle |
| All of the following are important sources for energy in the Earth system EXCEPT | water energy |
| A closed system is a system in which the only thing exchanged with the surroundings is | energy |
| Earth's shape most closely resembles a(n) | oblate spheroid |
| A community of organisms and their abiotic environment is called a(n) | ecosystem |
| Transpiration is one part of the | water cycle |
| The force of attraction that exists among all matter in the universe is called | gravity |
| Energy is transferred between systems, but it cannot be created or destroyed according to | the First Law of Thermodynamics |
| Because Earth's interior is warmer than its surface layers, hot materials move toward the surface in a process called | convection |
| Approximately 70% of Earth's surface is covered by the | global ocean |
| Lichens and mosses produce weathering agents called | organic acids |
| Which of the following is NOT an agent of mechanical weathering | acid |
| Snow that weather buildings in a city is an example of | acid precipitation |
| How does the amount of a rock's surface area affect weathering? | The larger the area, the higher the rate of weathering. |
| Sedimentary rocks that weather most quickly contain | calcite |
| Plant and animal activities cause what kind of weathering? | chemical and mechanical |
| Climates that have the fastest rate of weathering are | alternating hot and cold |
| Topography with high mountains and steep slopes are especially vulnerable to what type of weathering? | mechanical |
| In which of the following erosion processes is gravity NOT a major factor? | dust storms |
| Which of the following is NOT an agent of erosion? | sun |
| Which of the following is a form of mechanical weathering? | abrasion |
| Which of the following is NOT a process of chemical weathering? | exfoliation |
| In what climates is the weathering rate slowest? | hot, dry climates |
| What two processes are all land forms subject to? | uplift and erosion |
| Which of the following is NOT a common agent of erosion? | burrowing |
| Ice, plants and animals, gravity, running water, and wind are common agents of | mechanical weathering |
| The process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather resistant rocks do is called | Differential weathering |
| The layer of an aquifer in which the pore space is completely filled with water is called the zone of | saturation |
| One land feature formed by hot water is called a(n) | geyser |
| Which of the following minerals makes rocks especially vulnerable to chemical weathering | calcite |
| Which of the following does NOT affect the depth of the water table below the ground? | pollution |
| The area where water from the surface can move through permeable rock to reach an aquifer is called a | recharge zone |
| Two land features formed by hot groundwater are | geysers and hot springs. |
| The aquifer zone that lies between the water table and Earth's surface is called the | zone of aeration |
| Rock becomes chemically weathered when | carbonic acid, formed when water passes through soil, dissolves minerals in the rock. |
| How are wells, springs, and artesian formations similar? | They all bring groundwater to Earth's surface. |
| A cavern is a natural cavity in rock that forms as a result of | the dissolution of minerals. |
| Which of the following does NOT affect the flow of groundwater through an aquifer? | chemical weathering |
| Open spaces in rock must be connected in order for the rock to be | permeable |
| The slope of a water table is called the | gradient |
| Pumping water from a well causes a(n) | cone of depression |
| Which of the follwing formations could be produced by hot springs when water mixes with sediment? | mud put |
| Water that contains relatively low concentrations of dissolved minerals is called | soft water |
| The abrasive action of waves is known as | mechanical weathering |
| Beaches are formed by | deposition |
| The composition of beach material depends on the | source rock |
| Which of the following activities would NOT protect coastal lands? | removing marine animals |
| A rise in sea level forms | submergent coastlines |
| When land or features near the coast change, | relative sea level changes |
| An area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean is known as a(n) | estuary |
| Substances in air and water react with rock during | chemical weathering |
| Since the last glacial period, sea level has been | falling about 1 mm/yr. |
| Most submergent coastlines have beaches that are | long and wide |
| Most sand grains are made of | loess |
| Wind deposition can form | spits and loess |
| Which of the following can be used to determine the direction of the prevailing winds? | a deflation hollow |
| Which of the following is NOT formed by wave erosion | loess |
| Atmospheric pressure is measured with a(n) | barometer |
| Which of the following is an effect of air pollution? | Destruction of the ozone layer |
| One harmful effect of temperature inversions is | smog |
| The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and | water vapor |
| Energy from the sun travels to Earth as | radiation |
| The solar radiation least absorbed by the layers of the atmosphere before reaching Earth is | visible light |
| After Earth absorbs infrared rays that heat the ground, what kind of energy does the atmosphere absorb from the ground? | thermal |
| A delay between Earth's absorption of solar energy and an increase in temperature makes the warmest part of a day | afternoon |
| Average temperatures are lower near the poles because sunlight strikes the ground at an angle | smaller than 90 degrees |
| Radiation whose wavelengths are among the shortest are | X rays |
| About how much of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed by the land, oceans, and atmosphere | 70% |
| The mass of water vapor contained in a given volume of air is | absolute humidity |
| An instrument that measures relative humidity with two identical thermometers is a | psychrometer |
| From where does most evaporation come | equatorial oceans |
| If the temperature stays the same and the air becomes more moist, the relative humidity will | increase |
| Where do middle clouds form | between 6,000 and 8,000 m |
| What must be present in order for clouds to form | condensation nuclei |
| The process by which the temperature of an air mass decreases as the air mass moves over a cold surface is | advective cooling |
| The base of the clouds marks the | condensation level |
| What have meteorologists concluded about cloud seeding | It sometimes increases and sometimes decreases precipitation |
| The diameter of a normal raindrops is | between 0.5 and 5 mm |
| What can form if rain falls through a layer of freezing air near the ground | sleet |
| What might happen if enough energy is absorbed by liquid water | The water will change to a gas |
| An instrument that measures precipitation by bouncing radio waves off rain or snow is | Doppler radar |
| The mass of water vapor in a unit of air relative to the mass of the dry air is called the | mixing ratio |
| When the air temperature decreases, the rate of evaporation | decreases |
| Clouds that often bring thunderstorms are | cumulonimbus |
| Sometimes, a solid will change directly into a gas in a process called | sublimation |
| Condensation nuclei are | ice and dust particles |
| Which of the following cloud types occurs at the highest altitudes | cirrus |
| What air masses generally move eastward, toward Europe | maritime polar Atlantic |
| A large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar is an | air mass |
| An air mass usually brings the weather of | its source region |
| Air masses responsible for cool, dry air in northern summers are | continental polar |
| Which of the following is NOT a thunderstorm stage | fading |
| What type of path does a tornado take if it touches down | haphazard |
| A weather event in which the air sinks and flows outward from a center of high pressure, and that brings dry weather is an | anticyclone |
| A hurricane begins when warm, moist air rises rapidly and the moisture condenses, releasing energy in the form of | latent heat |
| Which of the following measurements indicates a southerly wind | 180 |
| Scientists study upper atmospheric conditions to | track global weather patterns |
| Marine weather conditions can be monitored by | weather satellites |
| Doppler radar and satellite images provide information to create | weather models |
| A pattern of meteorological symbols that represent the weather at a particular observing stations is a | station model |
| Weather map symbols H and L indicate | air pressure centers |
| When air moves slowly, it takes on the temperature and humidity of its region, becoming an | air mass |
| Which of the following conditions is issued when severe weather has been spotted in a given are | warning |
| An air mass that originates in the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean and brings warm, moist air is called | maritime tropical |
| An air mass that originates in the U.S. southwest and brings dry, warm air is called | continental tropical |
| A front that forms when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and lifts the warm air mass off the ground and over another air mass is called an | occluded front |
| An air mass that originates in the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean and brings cold, moist air is called | maritime polar |
| What continues to absorb solar energy and increase in temperature as long as the sun's rays hit it | land |
| Which of the following affects the angle at which the sun's rays hit Earth | latitude |
| What weather effect results when a moving air mass hits a mountain, rises, cools, and loses most of its moisture through precipitation | rain shadow |
| Which of the following weather conditions is NOT affected by wind | drought |
| Two major factors used to identify climate are | temperature and precipitation |
| City buildings absorb and reradiate solar energy, which raises the temperature of the air and creates a | heat island |
| Which of the following moderates temperature and increases rainfall | ocean |
Created by:
Ruthlessmark