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Anatomy
Leg and talocrural - Greathouse
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What bone(tibia or fibula) is the weight bearing bone of the leg? | tibia |
| Is the fibula a weight bearing bone? | no |
| What is the purpose of the fibula? | serves as an attachment for muscles, and provide stability to the ankle joint |
| Name all of the tarsal bones.(7) | talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiforms |
| What articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the talocrural joint? | talus |
| The head of the talus articulates with what? | navicular |
| The trochlea of the talus articulates with what? | the tibia and fibula |
| What bone transmits BW to other WB bones of the foot. | talus(trochlea) |
| What is the largest tarsal bone? | calcaneus |
| The middle facet of the calcaneus makes the...? | sustentaculum tali |
| What attaches to the posterior surface of the calcaneus? | achillies tendon(tendoachillies is what greathouse calls it...go figure) |
| What part of the calcaneus is weight bearing? | tuberosity and medial and lateral processes. |
| The calcaneus articulates with the cubiod where? | anteriorly |
| The navicular articulates with what four bones? | three cunieforms, and the talus |
| What attaches to the tuberosity of the navicular? | posterior tibialis |
| What bones does the cuboid articulate with? | calcaneus, 4-5 metatarsals |
| How many cunieforms are there and what are their names? | 3, medial/intermediate/lateral |
| What is the largest and strongest bone in the foot? | calcaneus |
| What can cause a Romeo's fracture and what bones does this involve? | falling or jumping from a height, involves the calcaneus. |
| What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity? | achille's tendon |
| What is the sustentaculum tali? What bone is it on? | it is a shelf that supports the lateral talar head and allows for gliding of tendons that pass beneath it./ On the calcaneus |
| What is the function of the fibular trochlea of the calcaneus? | it serves as a pulley for the fibularis(peroneus) longus |
| How many metatarsals/phalanges are there? | 5/14 |
| What fascia is a continuation of fascia lata of thigh, and attaches to med and lat malleoli? | crural fascia |
| The crural fascia attaches to the tibia and fibula via _____. | IM septa |
| What separates the anterior and lateral compartments of the lower leg? | Anterior IM septa |
| What separates lateral and posterior compartments of lower leg? | Posterior IM septa |
| What separates the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the lower leg? | transverse IM septa |
| What prevents tendons of anterior compartment from bowstringing during dorsiflexion and connects tibia to fibula proximal to malleoli? | Superior extensor retinaculum |
| This is the “Y” shapped fascia that attaches laterally to anteriosuperior surface of the calcaneus and forms a loop around tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius muscle. | Inferior extensor retinaculum |
| This runs between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. | superior fibular retinaculum |
| This runs between the calcaneus tubercle and the fibular trochlea. | inferior fibular retinaculum |
| What is located in the crural fascia? | great and less saphenous vein nerve, lateral sural cutaneus |
| What is found in the anterior compartment? | EDL, Tib Ant, EHL, deep peroneal(fibular) nerve, ant tib artery and vein |
| What is found in the lateral compartment? | Peroneus(fibularis) longus/brevis and superficial peroneal(fibular) nerve |
| What is found in the superficial posterior compartment? | Gastroc (med & lat), soleus, plantaris; med sural cut n |
| What is found in the deep posterior compartment? | FDL, posterior tib, FHL, popliteus; Post tibial a & v; Tibial n; fibular a & v |
| What is the most frequently fractured long bone? | The tibia |
| The common fibular(peroneal) nerve originates from what spinal nerves? | posterior branches of L4-S2 |
| Where does the common fibular nerve seperate from the tibial nerve? | at the apex of the popliteal fossa |
| The common fibular nerve bifurcates into what two nerves? Where does this bifurcation take place? | Deep and Superficial fibular(peroneal)/ behind the neck of the fibula |
| What muscles are innervated by the deep fibular(peroneal) nerve? | anterior tib, EHL, EDL, EDB, Peronius tertius |
| Deep fibular nerve is responsible for sensation to what area? | web space between 1-2 toes |
| What muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve? | Peroneus longus/brevis & lateral sural cutaneus |
| Superficial fibular nerve is responsible for sensation to what area? | lower lateral leg and dorsum of foot |
| The lateral sural cutaneus nerve provides sensation to what area? | upper lateral leg |
| What kind of joint is the ankle joint? | synovial hinge joint |
| The articular capsule of the talocrural joint is weak where? Because of the weak capsule what does this area depend on for stability? | anteriorly/muscles and ligaments |
| What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?(4) | anterior/posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal |
| What are the ligaments of the lateral ankle?(3) | anterior/posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular |
| The talocrural joint receives its blood supply from what arteries? | anterior/posterior tibial arteries and fibular(peroneal) artery. |
| The talocrural joint receives its innervation from what nerves? | Deep/Superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve, tibial nerve, sural nerve |
| a limb-threatening and life-threatening condition observed when perfusion pressure falls below tissue pressure in a close anatomic space...what is this? | compartment syndrome |
| What can develop from tibial fracture and/or tight casting, burns, and/or infection. | compartment syndrome |
| What produces a severe pain out-of-proportion to the injury? | compartment syndrome |
| This is characterized by a significant weakness of ankle and toe dorsiflexion; Ex: the toes drag and the foot hangs. | Foot Drop |
| What is the etiology of foot drop? | either neurologic, muscular, or structural |
| Foot drop is associated with what three things? | fibular nerve lesion, L5 radiculopathy, and stroke |
| What arises as terminal branch of popliteal art? | Post tib art |
| What compartment(s) does the fib art supply? | Post and lat |
| What does the fibular art branch from? | Post tib art |
| What are the branches of the post tib art at the ankle? | Med malleolar, medial plantar, lat plantar, calcaneal |
| Know the three articulation sites between the tib and fib. | Proximal tibiofibular jt- ligs and jt capsule; Connection at interosseus membrane; Distal= tibiofibular syndesmosis- ligs and IM but no capsule |
| Name the ligs of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: | Ant tibiofibular lig, post tibiofibular lig, transverse tibiofibular lig (articulates with talus) |
| Amputation preserves the distal attachment of thigh muscles, why? | thus leg flexion and extension are still possible with a prosthesis |
Created by:
txst sum 2009
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