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Neuro Exam 3
Postural Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Posture | Biomechanical alignment of the body. Orientation of the body to the environment |
| Postural Orientation | Vertical for most fx tasks Active control of body alignment and tone with respect to gravity, support surface, visual environment, and internal references |
| Postural Control | Complex motor skill based on the interaction of multiple dynamic sensorimotor processes involves controlling the position in space for the dual purpose of stability and orientation |
| Spatial Orientation | Based on the interpretation of convergent sensory info from somatosensory, vestibular and visual systems |
| Postural Stability | Coordination of sensorimotor strategies to stabilize the body's COM during self-initiated and externally triggered disturbances in postural stability ability to control the COM over the BOS |
| Postural Control: Cognitive Influences | Anticipatory Postural control and Adaptive postural control |
| Anticipatory Postural control | pretune sensory and motor systems for postural demand based on previous experience |
| Adaptive Postural Control | Modification of the sensory and motor systems in response to changing task and environmental demands |
| Postural Control: Cognitive influences has 3 components | Attention, Motivation, Intent |
| Postural Control: Systems Approach | complex interactions among many bodily systems to control both orientation and stability of the body |
| Postural Control: Systems Approach organization | Functional task and environment |
| Steady-State balance control | ability to control the COM relative to the BOS predictable, non-changing conditions |
| Movement Strategies | Stability limits, Ankle strategy, hip strategy |
| Stability limits | Point at which a person will change the arrangement of their BOS to achieve stability. Impacted by cognitive, perceptual and nature of task |
| Ankle Strategy | Used when perturbations in equilibrium are small. requires intact ROM and strength in the ankles. Leg and trunk segments move as a single unit |
| Hip Strategy | Used to restore equilibrium in response to larger faster perturbations. Controls motion of the COM by producing large and rapid motions at the hip joint; antiphase rotations at the ankle. Leg and trunk segments move out of phase |
| Reactive Balance Control | Ability to recover a stable position following a perturbation. Relies on feed back mechanisms, occurring in response to sensory feedback |
| Reactive Control Motor Patterns | Fixed Support Change in Support Reach to grasp |
| Proactive / Anticipatory Balance Control | Ability to activate muscles in the legs and trunk for balance control in advance of potentially destabilizing voluntary movements |
| Proactive Balance Control parameters | Force is preprogrammed based on anticipation of what the task requires Anticipatory postural muscle activation is critical |
| Environmental Constraints | Changes in support surfaces Differences in visual and surface conditions Multi-tasking |
| Sensory/Perception Systems | Visual Inputs Somatosensory Inputs Vestibular Inputs Sensory Reweighting |
| Visual Inputs | provides info about head position and motion with respect to surrounding objects Not always accurate important when using change in support strategies |
| Somatosensory Inputs | Provides CNS with position and motion info about the body in relation to supporting surfaces not helpful with moving surfaces or surfaces that are not horizontal |
| Vestibular Inputs | Provides CNS with info about the position and movement of the head in relation to gravity and inertial forces important in proactive balance - provide info about the task and environemnt |
| Sensory Reweighting | Reliance on one sensory system for postural control increase while at the same time reliance on another sensory system decrease |
| Postural Impairments: Steady-State Balance | Inability to assume and maintain a stable position. use of arms for support and balance which limits use of UE for functional tasks |
| Postural Impairment: Alignment | Determines the effort required to support the body against gravity. Influences how muscles are recruited and coordinated for recovery of stability |
Created by:
brose020
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