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Ch. 2
Introduction to Law_5th Edition_J.B.Hames_Yvonne Ekern
Term | Definition |
---|---|
FEDERALISM | A system of government in which the people are regulated by both federal and state governments. |
EXPRESS POWERS | Powers given to Congree that are spelled out in the constitution. |
IMPLIED POWERS | The power that Congress has to regulate that is derived from the express powers. |
COMMERCE CLAUSE | A section of the U.S. Constitution found in article 1 section 8, giving the U.S. Congress the right to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. |
POLICE POWERS | The authority of states to make laws that provide for the general health, welfare, and safety of its citizens. |
PREEMPTION | A doctrine referring to the right of the federal government to be the exclusive lawmaker in certain areas. |
"ex post facto" | "After the fact"; refers to laws that impose criminal responsibility for acts that were not crimes at the time the acts occurred. |
JURISDICTION | The power or authority to act in a certain situation; the power of a court to hear cases and render judgements. |
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION | The sole power or authority to act in a certain situation. |
CONCURRENT JURISDICTION | A term that describes situations where more than one entity has the power to regulate or act. |
SUPREMACY CLAUSE | The clause in the U.S. Constitution making the Constitution and the laws of the United States the supreme law of the land. |
BILL OF RIGHTS | The first ten amendments to the Constitution. |
SEPARATION OF POWERS | The constitutional doctrine that each of the three branches of government has separate and distinct powers. |
CHECKS AND BALANCES | The constitutional doctrine that each of the three branches of government operates as a check on the powers of the other branches. |
BICAMERAL | A term that describes a legislature consisting of two houses. |
"stare decisis" | "It stands decided"; also known as precedent. |
CONSTITUTION | A document whose primary purpose is to establish a government and define its powers. |
CODE | A topical organization of statutes. |
STATUTORY LAW | Law enacted by a legislature. |
COMMON LAW | A body of law developed through the courts. |
PREECEDENT | The example set by the decision of an earlier court for similar cases or similar legal questions that arise in later cases. |
BINDING CASE LAW | Case law that must be followed by lower courts. |
INITIATIVE | An action by citizens to enact legislation through the voter process. |
REFERENDUM | A vote on whether to accept or reject proposed legilation or constitutional amendment. |
STATUTES AT LARGE | A chronological compilation of statutes. |