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Where, Why, and What
Veterinary Medical Terminology Chapter 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
plane | imaginary lines that are used descriptively to divide the body into sections |
positional terms | describe body locations and relationships of one body structure to another |
caudal | toward the tail |
ventral | refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part |
palmar | the caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus |
lateral | away from the midline |
proximal | nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure |
plantar | the caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus |
deep | away from the surface |
medial | toward the midline |
cephalic | pertaining to the head |
distal | farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure |
superficial | near the surface |
rostral | nose end of the head |
cranial | toward the head |
dorsal | refers to the back |
midsaggital plane | plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves |
sagittal plane | plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts |
dorsal plane | plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts |
transverse plane | plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts |
hyster/o | uterus |
metr/o | uterus |
uter/o | uterus |
metri/o | uterus |
oophor/o | ovaries |
ovari/o | ovaries |
dermat/o | skin |
cutane/o | skin |
derm/o | skin |
optic/o | sight |
ot/o | ears |
aud/i | ears |
aur/i | external ear |
aur/o | external ear |
coust/o | sound |
acous/o | sound |
adren/o | adrenals |
orch/o | testes |
orchi/o | testes |
testicul/o | testes |
gonad/o | gonads |
pineal/o | pineal |
pituit/o | pituitary |
thyroid/o | thryoid |
thyr/o | thyroid |
neur/o | nerves |
neur/i | nerves |
ocul/o | eyes |
opti/i | eyes |
opt/o | eyes |
myel/o | spinal cord |
encephal/o | brain |
endocrine glands | groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly in to the bloodstream which transports them throughout the body |
exocrine glands | groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ |
organ | part of the body that performs a special function or functions |
hist/o | combining form for tissue |
tissue | group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function |
histology | the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue |
genetic disorder | any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes |
congenital | denotes something that is present at birth |
anomaly | deviation from what is regarded as normal |
dorsal recumbency | lying on the back |
ventral recumbency | lying on the belly |
left lateral recumbency | lying on the left side |
right lateral recumbency | lying on the right side |
cytology | study of cells |
retroperitoneal | superficial to the peritoneum |
adduction | movement toward the midline |
abduction | movement away from the midline |
cyt/o | cell |
peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
mesentery | layer of the pertoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity |
anaplasia | change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
aplasia | lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell |
-plasia | suffix used to describe formation, development, and growth in the number of cells in an organ or tissue |
-trophy | suffix that means formation, development, and growth in the size of an organ or a tissue or individual cells. |
dysplasia | abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell |
hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue |
hypoplasia | incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue ora a cell |
neoplasia | abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive |
benign | not recurring |
malignant | tending to spread and be life threatening |
-oma | tumor or neoplasm |
atrophy | decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell |
dystrophy | defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell |
hypertrophy | increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell |
adip/o | combining form for fat |
epithelial tissue or epithelium | covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements |
body cavity | hole or hollow space in the bdoy that contains and protects internal organs |
cranial cavity | hollow space that contains the brain in the skull |
spinal cavity | hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column |
peritoneal cavity | hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and visceral pertoneum |
abdominal cavity | hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity |
thoracic cavity | hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm |
pelvic cavity | hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems organs bounded by the pelvic bones |
dental arcade | how teeth are arranged in the mouth |
physi/o | combining form meaning nature |
path/o | combining form meaning disease |
eti/o | combining form meaning to cause |
-logist | specialist |
card/o | combining form for heart |
lingual surface | aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue |
palatal surface | the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue |
buccal surface | aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek |
occlusal surfaces | aspects of the teeth that meet when the animal chews |
labial surface | tooth surface facing the lips |
contact surface | aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth |
mesial contact surface | one closest to to the midline of the dental arcade arch |
distal contact surface | one furthest from the midline of the dental arcade |
anatomy | study of body structure |