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AP-GOV_UNIT_3_VOCAB
AP Government Unit 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political Culture | the set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments that give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system |
| Political Ideology | 1. The body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture. 2. A set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system. |
| Equality of Opportunity | a term applied to employers, lenders and landlords, who advertise that they are "equal opportunity employers," subtly suggesting all others are not, even though they are required by law to be so |
| Equality of Results | |
| Civic duty | the responsibilities of a citizen |
| Silent Majority | a presumed moderate majority of the citizens who are too passive to make their views known |
| Demographics | The characteristics of human populations and population segments, especially when used to identify consumer markets |
| Social Status (socio-economic status, SES) | position in a social hierarchy |
| Gender Gap | A disproportionate difference, as in attitudes and voting preferences, between the sexes. |
| Liberal | a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality |
| Conservative | holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion |
| Political Elite | Leaders of a party: a political elite is a group of rather small size group that is governing within a large society |
| random sample | a subset of individuals (sample) chosen from a larger set (population) |
| sampling error | A statistical error to which an analyst exposes a model simply because he or she is working with sample data rather than population or census data |
| weighting | |
| groups | |
| focus groups | a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes |
| push polls | an interactive marketing technique, most commonly employed during political campaigning, in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of respondents under the guise of conducting a poll |
| bandwagon effect | the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity |
| refusal rate | is the percentage of contacted people who decline to co-operate with the research study |
| exit polls | an election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations |
| Tracking poll | (Oponion Poll) a poll in which the same sample, such as a small number of voters, is questioned periodically to measure shifts in opinion |
| skewed question | a question which creates incorrect results; often worded oddly, etc. |
| context effect | people behave differently in different situations because context is significant in decision making |
| question framing | how you, as surveyor, decide to ask for data |
| saliency | The quality or condition of being salient |
| Motor-Voter Law (1993) | An Act to establish national voter registration procedures for Federal elections, and for other purposes. |
| Help America Vote Act 2002 | made federal funding available to states to update their voting procedures, created the Election Assistance Commission to provide information on federal elections, and specified uniform technology and administration standards for federal elections. |
| Fifteenth Amendment | prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". It was ratified on February 3, 1870 |
| Nineteenth Amendment (1920) | The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. |
| Twenty-Sixth Amendment (1971) | prohibits the states and the federal government from setting a voting age higher than eighteen |
| Twenty-Third Amendment (1961) | permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President |
| Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1964) | prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax |
| literacy test | a test on reading/writing ability |
| poll tax | poll tax was used as a de facto or implicit pre-condition of the exercise of the ability to vote |
| grandfather clause | a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations, while a new rule will apply to all future cases |
| white primary | primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating |
| Smith v. Allwright (1944) | was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation. It overturned the Democratic Party's use of all-white primaries in Texas, and other states where the party used the rule. |
| Voting Rights Act (1965) | a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that prohibits discrimination in voting. |
| disfranchisement | is the revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or rendering a person's vote less effective, or ineffective |
| Australian ballot | he system of voting in which voters mark their choices in privacy on uniform ballots printed and distributed by the government or designate their choices by some other secret means |
| activist | consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change, or stasis |
| Ballot fatigue | refers to a voter completing only the first part of a ballot. The length, complexity, and manner of presentation of the ballot may all have some effect on the prevalence of this well-documented phenomenon |
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MsFish
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