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Economics Marketing
Term | Definition |
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Economy | The system of production and distribution and consumption. The overall measure of a currency system. |
Free market | Any market in which trade is unregulated; an economic system free from government intervention. Allows supply and demand to regulate prices, wages, etc, rather than government. |
Competition | The rivalry among sellers trying to achieve such goals as increasing profits, market share, and sales volume by varying the elements of the marketing mix: price, product, distribution, and promotion. |
Profit | The excess of total revenues over total costs in a given time period. |
Price Competition | The rivalry among firms seeking to attract customers on the basis of price, rather than by the use of other marketing factors. |
Factors of Production | The productive resources of an economy, usually classified as land, labor, and capital. Entrepreneurship is frequently included as a fourth factor of production |
Utility | The usefulness received by consumers from buying, owning, or consuming a product. |
Place Utility | The increased usefulness created by marketing through making a product available at the place consumers want. |
Possession Utility | The increased usefulness created by marketing through making it possible for a consumer to own, use, and consume a product. It is also called ownership utility. |
Time Utility | The increased satisfaction created by marketing through making products available at the time consumers want them |
Market Economy | An economic system in which decisions concerning production and consumption are made by individuals and organizations without intervention by a central planning authority. |
Mixed Economy | a system in which both the state and private sector direct the way goods and services are bought and sold |
Communism | a political philosophy or ideology advocating holding the production of resources collectively |
Socialism | Any of various economic and political philosophies that support social equality, collective decision-making, distribution of income based on contribution and public ownership of productive capital and natural resources, as advocated by socialists. |
Capitalism | a socio-economic system based on the abstraction of resources into the form of privately-owned money, wealth, and goods, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state |
Productivity | A measure of the economic output per unit of input of some resource, e.g., the economic output per hour of human labor. |
Gross National Product (GNP) | - The money value of a nation's entire output of final commodities and services in a given period. |
Consumer Price Index (CPI) | - A statistical measure maintained by the U.S. government that shows the trend of prices of goods and services (a market basket) purchased by consumers |
Producer Price Index (PPI) | - A monthly price index of about 2,800 commodities prepared by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, formerly known as the wholesale price index. |
Inflation | - An economic condition characterized by a continuous upward movement of the general price level. An increase in prices in a country that results in a decline in the purchasing power of consumers. |
Standard of Living | - relative measure of the general well being of a person or group |
Unemployment Rate | the percent of the total labor force without a job |
Supply | A schedule of the amounts of a good that would be offered for sale at all possible prices at any one instance of time. The number of units of a product that will be put on the market over a period of time. |
Demand | - A schedule of the amounts that buyers would be willing to purchase at a corresponding schedule of prices, in a given market at a given time. The number of units of a product sold in a market over a period of time. |
Elastic | A situation in which a cut in price increases the quantity taken in the market enough that total revenue is increased. |
Inelastic | A situation in which a cut in price yields such a small increase in quantity taken by the market that total revenue decreases. A situation in which the percentage of quantity taken in the market "stretches" less than the percentage drop in price. |
Equilibrium | A situation in which the quantity and price offered by sellers equals the quantity and price taken by buyers. |