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Chapter 6
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do you consider to be key characteristic of the early Roman Republic? Why? | Their strong military and powerful government. |
| What limits were there on the power of the Roman consuls? | They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision. |
| What was the significance of the Twelve Tables? | To ensure that all free citizens had protection under the law, all laws were carved on twelve tablets and hung in a forum |
| How was Hannibal’s attack on Rome daring and different? | Instead of a head on attack, he used a surprise attack. |
| Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success more to its form of government or its army? Why? | I think the Roman Republic owed its success to its army because, without the protection any enemy can ruin Rome and end the Republic quicker than a weak form of government. |
| What changes do you consider negative? Why? | The Roman's republic turning into an empire is a negative because the empire doesn't represent the people. |
| What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic? | The growing discontent among the lower classes of society and a breakdown in military order. |
| What is the main reasons for the Roman’s success in controlling such a large empire? | Efficient government and adequate rulers. |
| What measures did the government take to distract and control the masses of Rome? | The government provided free games, events, races, and, most importantly, gladiator battles. |
| What role did Julius Caesar play a role in the decline of the republic and the rise of the empire? | Caesar was a strong leader and a genius at military strategy |
| What event do you think had the biggest impact? Explain. | Jesus of Nazareth (biggest impact), Jesus’ death, Paul’s mission, Constantine. |
| What did Jesus emphasize in his early teachings? | God’s personal relationship to each person; importance of people’s love for God, their neighbors, their enemies, and themselves; God would offer eternal life to those who repented their sins. |
| Why did the early Christians face persecution from the Romans? | Refusal to worship Roman gods; used by some Roman rulers as scapegoats for political and economic troubles. |
| What was the importance of the Nicene Creed? | It defined the Church’s basic beliefs |
| Do you think Christianity would have developed in the same way if it had arisen in an area outside the Roman Empire? Explain. | The Roman Empire was well organized with good roads and active trade, so the new religion could spread easily. Other areas were more isolated. |
| How did these problems open the empire to invading people? | Inflation-Coins has less value, Army-Mercenaries, Instability-bad economy and military turmoil, Weak leadership and economic hardship led to disarray and no unified army to defend the empire. |
| What were the main internal causes of the empire’s decline? | Economic weakness, military instability, and citizens’ indifference |
| How did Diocletian succeed in preserving the empire? | Doubled military size, checked inflation, restored the emperor’s prestige, and divided the empire into the East and West for more efficient rule. |
| Why did so many Germanic tribes begin invading the Roman Empire? | To flee from invading Huns. |
| How do you think the splitting of the empire into two parts helped it survive for another 200 years? | The wealthier half include most of the great cities and trading centers; the smaller area was easier to defend. |
| Which accomplishment do you consider most important? Why? | Fine Arts—Sculpture, mosaics; Law—Fair laws applied equally to all people; Literature—Virgil, Ovid, Tacitus; Engineering—Arch, dome, concrete. Laws and engineering because of long-term effects. |
| What is Greco-Roman culture? | The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures. |
| What way did Roman art differ from Greek art? | The Greeks were known for beautiful but idealised sculpture; Roman sculptors created more realistic works. |
| What influence did Latin have on the development of Western languages? | It forms the basis for Western languages such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian; more than half of English words have a basis in Latin. |
| Which principle of law do you think has been Rome’s greatest contribution to modern legal systems? | Equal treatment before the law because it erases class differences; innocent until proven guilty because it protects from punishment without conviction. |
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22nbattaglia