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Schwartz AP Gov 13
Civil Rights
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| affirmative action | label placed on institutional efforts to diversify by race or gender |
| Brown v Board of Education | Supreme Court ruled that "in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place" |
| de facto segregation | segregation by fact or tradition |
| de jure segregation | segregation by law |
| disenfranchise | denying one's right to vote |
| "don't ask, don't tell" | Congress mandated that the military be kept in the dark about the private lifestyles of its personnel (passed during Clinton's presidency) |
| equal protection clause | part of the 14th Amendment that guarantees that government - state and federal- would treat all citizens the same |
| Equal Rights Amendment | proposed that "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied on account of sex " and gave Congress power to enforce this |
| Fourteenth Amendment | promised US citizenship to anyone (including former slaves) born or naturalized in the United States |
| freedom of choice plans | placed the school transfer burden on the black student to seek an acceptance from a white school |
| Jim Crow laws | separated blacks and whites on trains, in theaters, in public restrooms and public schools |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | organization formed in 1909 to "stand for the rights of men, irrespective of color or race, for the highest ideals of American democracy" |
| National Organization for Women (NOW) | led by Betty Friedan, to encourage women to speak their minds, apply for male-dominated jobs and to organize for equality |
| Plessy v Ferguson (1896) | Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional |
| preclearance | prior permission from the US Justice Department for a state to require any new voter qualifications |
| quotas | a specific number of openings designated for minority applicants |
| Regents of the University of California v Bakke (1978) | Supreme Court decision that affirmative action quotas are unconstitutional |
| Title IX | law passed that gave women the same educational opportunities as men |
| 13th Amendment | abolished slavery |
| Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) 1996 | kept the power to define marriage at the state level |
| Roe v Wade | Supreme Court ruled that a state could not deny a woman the right to an abortion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy |
Created by:
schwarms1
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