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Dance Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Colonialism | The practice of domination which involves the subjegation of one peoples to another. -Often led to cultural appropriation. |
| European dance, 1400's-1800's | Style of dance which involved the following characteristics: -upright posture -little/no religious affiliation -focus on footwork -Often in couples/groups |
| West African Dance | Style of dance which involved the following characteristics: -strong religious ties -ground-oriented movement -use of entire body -solo expression/improvisation |
| Cakewalk | A dance developed by slaves and servants which exaggerated and mocked the white owners' dances. -Whites became enamored with the dance and would offer rewards to the servants who could perform the best cake walks. |
| Minstrel Shows | Variety show format of skits, gags, song and dances which often involved blackface and used crude humor. -Most popular form of entertainment from 1830's-1900. -Many cartoons' appearances reference the caricature appearances. -Burlesque birthplace |
| Thomas Dartmouth | Minstrel performer who developed the Jim Crow caricature and made blackface popular. |
| Fad Dance | Dance that is very popular for a short period of time, replaced by the next big thing. |
| Animal Dances | Dance set to ragtime music, mocks the movements of animals. Pushed sexual political boundaries. Examples: Turkey Trot, Kangaroo Hop, Duck Waddle, The Squirrel |
| Vernon and Irene Castle | Husband and wife do that created and taught many of the popular animal dances of the early 20th century. - Opened dance school in 1914 |
| The Charleston | -Global phenom dance of the 1920's -Originated in West Africa likely, but Elida Webb learned the dance in [namesake], South Carolina. -Dance originally vernacular, but became a broadway hit. -Influential in the flapper image. Solo or couples dance. |
| Black Bottom | Vernacular dance originating in New Orleans -controversial "black dance" -slap butt, with gyrating movements -solo dance |
| Dance marathons | Popular dance event where dancers dance as long as possible with no breaks. -Originated in 1920's. Became escape during the Depression -banned in many places for disruptiveness a |
| Cotton Club | Popular Harlem venue which featured great black performers but banned black patrons. |
| Earl "Snake Hips" Tucker | First prominent solo non-tap jazz dancer. Primarily known for his hip motion. |
| Nicholas Brothers | Twins who grew up in Vaudeville scene. Famous tap dancers who performed at places such as the Cotton Club. |
| Savoy Ballroom | One of first integrated performance venues in nation. |
| "Shorty" George Snowden | Creator of the Lindy Hop. Partnered with Big Bea. |
| Lindy Hop | First "swing dance". Charleston dance roots. Created "break away" from partner. |
| Jitterbug | Swing dance stemming from the Lindy Hop. More popular among whites, who preferred the more conservative dance style. -Most popular dance of the 1950's. |
| Authentic Jazz Dance | Dance aspect of jazz when unified as a cultural norm. -3 categories: 1)Character/eccentric 2)Rhythm/tap 3) jazz chorus line. |
| Arthur Murray | Original sketcher of dance manual footsteps which became popular in the 50's. Began several dance studios named after himself. |
| American Band Stand | Iconic 1950's show which began lineage of popular dance tv shows. Show continued through 1980's. -Introduced line dance to the masses. |
| Waltz | Popular 18th century dance in 3/4 time with box shaped steps. |
| Stono River Rebllion | South Carolina rebellion led by slaves who communicated through drums. Drums were then banned by slave owners. |
| Five Points Manhattan | Birthplace of Tap. America's first slum. Refuge of the poor and the criminal element. Tap was preceded by English clog dance |
| William Henry Lane | Black minstrel performer. "Master Juba". The highest paid, top billing performer in his company by 1845, which was a big deal given his race and the time period. |
| Vaudeville | "policed" variety show which featured song, dance, etc. but was more appropriate for the whole family. Performers included Ginger Rogers, Ruth St. Denis, Nicholas Brothers. |
| Shim Sham Shimmy | National Anthem of tap dance. |
| Bill "Bojangles" Robinson | Dancer who moved from minstrel shows to vaudeville. Never wore blackface. Famous for his stair dance and for becoming the first film racially integrated dance couple along with Shirley Temple. |
| Busby Berkeley | WWI drill captain who choreographed soldiers, went on to choreograph dance on film. His innovations with camera angles and geometric dance patterns changed the way dance was performed on camera. Most known for "kaleidescope" movement. |
| Fred Astaire | Danced on Vaudeville. Known for tap/ballroom combination. Often paired on screen with Ginger Rogers, who earned her fame with Charleston dance contest. Both became huge Hollywood stars in their own rights. Often portrayed "aristocrat" characters. |
| Gene Kelly | Dancer who combined ballet with contemporary dance. Choreographed, danced and directed several musicals. Often portrayed "working class" characters. |
| Jazz | 3 Characteristics: syncopation, individuality, expression |
| 4 categories of Jazz | Social and Popular Jazz Dance -social jazz dance. Start as controversial but popular with whitewashing Concert/Theatrical -Meant for Stage. Also creative/artistic jazz Theatre/Broadway -From Broadway to film Competitive- Most popular form of jazz |
| Jack Cole | Choreographer who began at Denishawn. Father of Theatrical jazz. Inspired by Eastern Culture. |
| Jerome Robinson | Choreographer for broadway, ballet and theater. Choreographed West Side Story for theater and film. NYU dropout who danced in George Balanchine (Neoclassical ballet composer)ballets. |
| Agnes De Mille | Classical ballet, broadway and film choreographer. Choreographed Oklahoma!. Fused ballet with theatrical style. |
| Robert Fosse | Vaudeville origins. Developed knock knee, awkward style. Choreographed Chicago and Cabaret. Idolized Astaire. |
| Chubby Checkers | Singer/Dancer who made fad out of "The Twist" with his song and dance. First person to introduce solo dancing in social setting. Other popular fad dances include "The Mashed Potato", "The Frug" "The Jerk" "The Watusi". |
| Disco | All songs recorded, electronic based. DJ's determined popular songs. African roots. Mainstream after Saturday Night Fever. |
| Soul Train | Dance show geared toward black audiences . Dances portrayed on the show were immensely popular across racial lines. Helped popularize funk, disco and hip hop. |
| Co-option | Appropriation of style, claiming origination when one does not actually have it. (ex. moonwalk/backslide) |
| Pop Culture | Desired cultural traits shared amongst large group of people |
| Motown Records | Established by Berry Gordy Jr. Created several popular soul acts and eventually disco. Worked close with Soul Train. |
| Cholly Atkins | Motown choreographer who went on to develop disco style choreography. Former vaudeville legend. |
| Reasons for Downfall of Disco | 1. Music and dance became artificial 2. Digital music used in more interesting ways 3. Association with white commercialism and homosexuality |
| Hip Hop | 4 pillars: DJing, MCing, Graffitti, breaking (continuation of "Snake Hips" style). Other characteristics: record scratching, looping, boogaloo (robot, locking, jerky movements) and locking (more flashy movements) |
| MTV | crucial to spread of hip hop and place where music videos took off. |
| DJ Kool Herc | Hip hop founder who created Break beats by elongating breaks in songs with two records. Created looping. |
| Grandmaster Flash | Inventor of record scratching in hip hop music. |
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