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GOV Ch. 5 Vocabulary
Civil Rights
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| civil rights | The rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law, as provided by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. |
| equal protection clause | Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which says that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." |
| fundamental right | A basic right of all Americans, such as First Amendment rights. |
| strict scrutiny standard | a standard under which a law or action must be necessary to promote a compelling state interest and must be narrowly tailored to meet that interest. |
| suspect classification | A classification, such as race, that provides the basis for a discriminatory law. Any law based on a suspect classification is subject to strict scrutiny by the courts, meaning that the law must be justified by a compelling state interest. |
| rational basis test | A test (also known as the ordinary scrutiny standard) used by the Supreme Court to decide whether a discriminatory law violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution. |
| separate-but-equal doctrine | A Supreme Court doctrine holding that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not forbid racial segregation as long as the facilities for blacks were equal to those of whites. |
| de jure segregation | Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or decisions by government agencies. |
| de facto segregation | Racial segregation that occurs not a result of government actions but because of social and economic conditions and residential patterns. |
| busing | The transportation of public school students by bus to schools physically outside their neighborhoods to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns. |
| civil rights movement | The movement in the 1950s and 1960s, by minorities and concerned whites, to end racial discrimination. |
| civil disobedience | The deliberate and public act of refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust. |
| sit-in | A tactic of nonviolent civil disobedience. Demonstrators enter a business, college building, or other public place and remain seated until they are forcibly removed or until their demands are met. |
| suffrage | The right to vote; the franchise. |
| feminism | A doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women. |
| glass ceiling | An invisible but real discriminatory barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising to top positions of power or responsibility. |
| sexual harassment | Unwanted physical contact, verbal conduct, or abuse of a sexual nature that interfere's with a recipient's job performance, creates a hostile environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences. |
| affirmative action | A policy that gives special consideration, in jobs and college admissions, to members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past. |
| reverse discrimination | Discrimination against those who have no minority status. |
| quota system | A policy under which a specific number of jobs, promotions, or other types of placements, such as university admissions, are given to members of selected groups. |
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LDhilario92
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