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MGMT Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which group leader activity would most likely ensure that diversity helps rather than hinders a group? | Showing how members have a common interest in the group's success |
| Which of the following is an example provided in the text of an organization specifically marketing toward underrepresented populations? | Google ensures that female candidates meet other women during interviews |
| Diversity management programs should include which populations of people? | Everyone |
| Which of the following is not among the basic physical abilities identified in the chapter? | mental fortitude |
| Which of the following is the intelligence test most widely used in hiring decisions that requires only 12 minutes to complete? | Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test |
| Which of the following is not a dimension of intellectual ability? | IQ |
| __________ is defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job | Ability |
| Which term refers to a link with the culture of family ancestry or youth that lasts a lifetime, no matter where the individual may live in the world? | cultural identity |
| Which of the following firms currently has pro-tolerance policies and domestic-partner benfits | Lockheed Martin |
| Which of the following is a true statement about laws relating to the discrimination of people for their sexual orientation? | Less than half of the 50 states have laws to protect individuals from discrimination based on sexual orientation |
| Which of the following best defines tenure? | the length of time spent in a job, organization, or field |
| Which government agency is responsible for enforcing employment discrimination laws? | EEOC |
| Most research relating to race and ethnicity has | focused on differences in outcomes between whites and African Americans |
| Research has shown that workers who experience sexual harassment in the workplace | experience lower levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction |
| Women who succeed in traditionally male domains are typically perceived | as less likable, more hostile, and less desirable as supervisors than men |
| With regards to the problem-solving and learning abilities of men and women, which statement is most likely true? | There are no consistent differences between men and women |
| "The older you get, the more likely you are to leave your job." Is this statement true or false , and why? | False. Older people with longer tenure tend to have higher wages, longer paid vacations, and more attractive pensions |
| Which of the following is not an example of biographical characteristic? | Personality |
| How many cases of employment discriminations are reported in a given year? | Tens of Thousands |
| Which term refers to allowing our behaviors to be influenced by stereotypes about groups of people? | Discrimination |
| Demographics such as age, race, gender, and disability status are primarily recognized as | surface-level diversity factors |
| Which of the following is a major concern that results from the workforce getting older? | Increased medical costs |
| Which of the following populations is expected to represent the largest portion of the U.S. workforce in 2020? | The 55 and older are group |
| Between 1950 and 2010, how did the female portion of the workforce change? | It increased from 29.6% to 46.7% |
| The chapter includes all of the following as characteristics that relate to diversity except | health |
| Historically, emotions in the workplace were thought to be _______________. | detrimental |
| __________________ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. | Affect |
| __________________ are intense feelings directed at someone or something. | Emotions |
| Which of the following is NOT a true statement about emotions and moods? | Emotions and moods are basically the same construct. |
| Researchers generally agree on six universal emotions. Which of the following is NOT among the six? | Rage |
| When there is zero input (meaning that nothing is going on), most individuals experience a mildly positive mood. What is this effect called? | Positivity offset |
| Individuals in a negative mood are better able to _________________ than are those in a positive mood | discern truthful information |
| Studies suggest that moral judgments are based on ___________ rather than __________. | feelings; cognition |
| ____________ describes the varying levels of strength with which people experience the same emotion. | Affect intensity |
| According to an analysis of Twitter messages, when are levels of positive affect the lowest? | Early morning |
| Americans tend to experience the highest levels of positive affect during which time of the week? | Weekend |
| According to research, what is the relationship between weather and mood? | There is no relationship between weather and mood. |
| For most people, stress has _________________ on mood. | a negative impact |
| How do social activities impact mood? | Positive moods increase with social activities. |
| How do physical activities and exercise impact mood? | Positive moods increase slightly |
| What is the relationship between age and emotion? | Negative emotions occur less in older people |
| Women experience emotions more intensely, tend to "hold onto" emotions longer, and display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions. This is true of all emotions EXCEPT ________. | anger |
| _______________ is defined as an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. | Emotional labor |
| The disparity that exists when an employee must project one emotion while actually feeling another is called _________________. | emotional dissonance |
| Which theory demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction? | Affective events theory |
| Which term refers to a person's ability to perceive emotions in the self and others, understand the meaning of these emotions, and regulate one's emotions accordingly? | Emotional intelligence |
| Emotion regulation is best described as _____________________. | identifying and modifying the emotions that you feel |
| High-scoring emotional intelligence employees outperform low-scoring emotional intelligence employees in which of the following tasks? | Sales |
| Which of the following is true regarding emotions and decision making? | Positive emotions enhance problem-solving skills. |
| What is the relationship between mood and creativity? | Activating moods lead to greater creativity. |
| Which term refers to the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine their unique adjustments to their environment? | Personality |
| Who developed the definition of personality that is commonly used today? | Gordon Allport |
| Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality? | Self-reporting surveys |
| Which of the following is the most important determinant of personality? | Heredity |
| What is the primary method that researchers use to examine the role of heredity on personality? | Twin studies |
| Researchers have found that genetics accounts for about ________________ of personality similarities between twins. | 50 percent |
| Which term refers to the characteristics that describe an individual's behavior such as shy, aggressive, and submissive? | Personality trait |
| Which of the following is the most widely used personality assessment in the world? | Myers-Briggs Type Indicator |
| According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which type of people rely on unconscious processes and look at the "big picture"? | Intuitive |
| According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which type of people want control and prefer order and structure? | Judging |
| Which of the following best describes an individual with an ENTP Myers-Briggs typology? | Innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas |
| Which dimension of the Big Five Model is a measure of reliability? | Conscientiousness |
| Which dimension of the Big Five Model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others? | Agreeableness |
| Which of the Big Five traits is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels? | Emotional stability |
| Which of the following describes a Machiavellian individual? | Pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes ends can justify means. |
| Which of the following describes a person who has a grandiose sense of self-importance, requires excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement, and is arrogant? | Narcissistic |
| Which of the following describes personality traits as motivators that relate to the degree to which we react to stimuli? | Approach-avoidance framework |
| A person who has a(n) _____________________ tends to dislike themselves, question their capabilities, and view themselves as powerless over their environment. | low core self-evaluation |
| Which of the following is a true statement about people with proactive personalities? | They take the initiative to improve their current circumstances or create new ones. |
| Researchers have analyzed situation strength in all of the following elements EXCEPT ______________. | controllability |
| Which theory predicts that some situations, events, or interventions "activate" a trait more than others? | Trait activation theory |
| Which term refers to basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence? | Values |
| When we rank an individual's values in order of their ___________, we obtain the person's value system. | intensity |
| ____________________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values. | Instrumental |
| John Holland's personality–job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is NOT one of these six types? | Optimistic |
| Leadership is best defined as ________. | the ability to influence a group to achieve a set of goals |
| According to research, all of the following traits are most likely associated with effective leadership EXCEPT high levels of ________. | assertiveness |
| What is the primary focus of trait theories of leadership? | The personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders |
| Which of the following do trait theories best predict? | Emergence of leaders |
| Which theories of leadership imply that we can determine leadership effectiveness by leader conduct, and perhaps train people to be leaders? | Behavioral |
| Which of the following refers to the extent that leaders are likely to define their roles and those of their subordinates when striving to attain goals? | Initiating structure |
| Which term refers to the extent to which a person's relationships in the workplace are characterized by mutual trust and respect? | Consideration |
| Which term was used by the University of Michigan study when referring to leaders who emphasize interpersonal relationships by taking a personal interest in employees' needs and accepting individual differences among them? | Employee orientation |
| The Ohio State studies narrowed the independent dimensions of leader behavior to two that substantially accounted for most of the leadership behavior described by employees: consideration and ________. | initiating structure |
| Which theories of leadership seek to match leadership styles to situations that lead to success? | Contingency |
| Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success. | situational variables |
| What does the least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire measure? | Whether a person is task-oriented or relationship-oriented |
| Fiedler's contingency leadership model assumes that ________. | leadership style is essentially fixed |
| Which of the following theoretical approaches in the study of leadership focuses on followers' readiness as a determinant of effective leadership? | Situational leadership theory |
| Which of the following theoretical approaches suggests that the leader's responsibility is to provide followers with the support they need to achieve their goals? | Path–goal theory |
| Which approach suggests that followers tend to give leaders power after observing certain behaviors that they attribute to heroic leadership abilities? | Charismatic leadership |
| According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are able yet unwilling to do a task, then a leader needs to ________. | engage in participative leadership |
| Which of the following statements is true with regard to the path–goal theory of leadership? | The theory considers removing obstacles as a component of effective leadership. |
| Which of the following is the most passive and least effective of leader behaviors? | Laissez-faire |
| In terms of the full range of leadership models, which leadership behavior represents the most active and effective approach for leaders? | Idealized influence |
| Which of the following is a key feature of servant leadership? | Servant leaders focus on opportunities to help followers grow and develop. |
| What is the primary quality produced by authentic leaders? | Trust |
| Which leader quality most likely causes followers to engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors? | High level of ethics |
| Which of the following is NOT a consequence of trust? | Trust increases employee turnover. |
| Which of the following is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee? | Mentor |
| Which characteristic of organizational culture relates to the degree to which employees are expected to be precise? | Attention to detail |
| Which characteristic of organizational culture relates to how much management focuses on results rather than on the methods used to achieve results? | Outcome orientation |
| Which characteristic of organizational culture relates to the degree to which management decisions consider how outcomes impact employees? | People orientation |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture? | A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members. |
| In what type of organizations do subcultures tend to develop? | Large organizations |
| Which of the following is a signal of a company having a strong culture? | Widely shared values |
| Why is employee turnover reduced in organizations with a strong culture? | Strong cultures result in loyalty and organizational commitment. |
| Which of the following is true about the function of cultures in an organization? | Culture conveys a sense of identity for organization members. |
| Which organizational trend primarily makes culture more important than ever before? | Decentralization |
| Why is it difficult in a virtual organization to create a strong culture? | Employees of virtual organizations experience little face-to-face contact. |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of the organizational culture and its effects on the organization? | Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees. |
| Which term refers to the thoughts that employees have about the work environment and the organization? | Organizational climate |
| In what situation can culture be a liability? | When the shared values don't agree with those that further the organization's effectiveness |
| What is the original source of culture in an organization? | The founders |
| What is the ultimate goal of the selection process? | To identify and hire individuals who will perform successfully |
| Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by _______________. | establishing norms that filter through the organization |
| Which of the following terms describes the process of assisting new employees to alter behaviors in order to fit with the corporate culture? | Socialization |
| The process of socialization includes three stages. Which of the following is one of these stages? | Prearrival |
| During which stage of the socialization process does a candidate recognize that their expectations do not match the realities of an organization? | Encounter |
| Which method of learning about an organization's culture typically include narratives about reactions to past mistakes, reductions in workforce, and organizational coping? | Stories |
| In terms of an organization's culture, the size of executive offices and the types of cars top executives are given are examples of ________. | symbols |
| Company chants are an example of which way to teach new employees about organizational culture? | Rituals |
| Which of the following is NOT a principle that managers should follow to create an ethical organizational culture? | Keep unethical acts between the manager and employee |
| Which of the following is emphasized in a positive organizational culture? | Individual vitality and growth |
| Which of the following would LEAST likely help a U.S. manager exhibit cultural sensitivity? | Avoiding discussions of efficiency |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a current change that organizations have to adapt to? | Decreased organizational diversity |
| Which force of change has primarily caused many firms to alter their product positioning and production to be more environmentally friendly? | Social trends |
| Which force for change relates to the aging population? | Nature of the workforce |
| Which force for change relates to how easily strangers meet and share product information? | Social trends |
| Many studies have shown that people tend to ______________ change. | resist |
| Which term refers to individuals who tailor change to fit the preferences of organizational members in an attempt to reduce resistance? | Change agent |
| Which type of resistance to change is easiest for management to address? | Overt and immediate |
| Which of the following is primarily an individual source of resistance to change? | Security |
| Which of the following is primarily an organizational source of resistance to change? | Group inertia |
| Which of the following is NOT a tactic for overcoming resistance to change? | Laissez faire management style |
| Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change assumes that the source of resistance is partially due to misinformation? | Educating employees |
| Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change emphasizes commitment to the organization? | Building support for the organization |
| Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change includes efforts to make sure that people trust the managers who are implementing changes? | Developing positive relationships |
| Who developed a three-step model to manage organizational change that includes unfreezing, movement, and refreezing? | Kurt Lewin |
| Who developed an eight-step model to manage organizational change that includes forming a coalition with enough power to lead a change? | John Kotter |
| What is the final step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? | Reinforcing changes by showing the link between new behaviors and organizational success |
| What is the first step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? | Developing a sense of urgency with strong reasons to make the change |
| Which methodology of change tries to improve employee well-being and organizational effectiveness through a collection of change methods? | Organizational development |
| The deemphasizing of control and hierarchical authority in organizational development is referred to as ________. | power equalization |
| Which organizational development technique for bringing about change includes an outside consultant to assist an organization with perceiving, understanding, and acting upon events that the manager must deal with? | Process consultation |
| Which of the following actions most likely decreases employee motivation for risk taking and innovation? | Rewarding the lack of failure rather than the accomplishment of success |
| Idea champions display characteristics included in ________ leadership. | transformational |
| Which of the following is NOT an effective individual approach to stress management? | Improving organizational communication |
| Which of the following is a positive impact from stress? | Elevated physical performance |
| Sleep disorders, fidgeting, and increased alcohol consumption are ________ symptoms related to stress. | behavioral |
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